|
By 2050 Dementia is expected to occur every 33
seconds in the U.S. which
is almost double the present rate (hence,
worldwide it would amount to
having a new case nearly every second!)
[11-11.5].
Percentage-wise, one of every four persons alive today will, eventually, end up with dementia [89-89.3]. In the foreseeable future, though, it will amount to every second person having to live with this faith; while society's future ability to take adequate care of this portion of the population is questionable at best [109-109.1]. It's prudent, therefore, to step back and review the efforts to concur dementia from its historical perspective and its current developments. Dr. Alois Alzheimer declared in 1906 that the 'plaques' and 'tangles', found in the brain, are the hallmarks that cause the disease which is bearing his name. Widely accepted and known as the 'amyloid hypothesis'. Well into the second century since then, despite a continuous extensive [111-111.1] and well-supported [108-108.1] research, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia in general, still can't be cured, prevented, or even slowed down [9-10.7]. The trust of work to bring Alzheimer's disease under control, since the inception of the 'amyloid hypothesis' to date centered, by and large, on treating the affliction as a disease in need of a cure [103-105.1]. All the efforts to find this elusive cure have failed with no exception [106-107.3]. This begs examination of the question:can the onset of dementia be prevented in the first place?The amyloid hypothesis has been called into question lately [129-129.4] and often cast a doubt of it being the cause of this disorder [1-8.22]. It based on evidence that point to cerebral-hypoperfusion occurring before [135-135.9] and may also be the cause for amyloid accumulation [131-131.8]. Evidence suggests that cerebral hypo-perfusion plays an important rule in the progression of Alzheimer's disease and dementia in general [126]. It ought to be in particular true where condition of hypo-perfusion becomes chronic [41-84.15] and lingers on silently for years without being detected [24-24.8]; way before any symptoms of dementia manifest themselves [28-28.9.6]. Ample supporting data available from a vast number (close to 200!) of independent studies suggesting that cerebral hypo-perfusion, that may occur at an early age, is associated with [93-96.24] and is the possible root cause of Alzheimer's disease and dementia [12-22.64] at a later age [32.2-38.3]. While the cerebral blood-flow baseline [115-115.10] may, or may not, decrease with age [25-27.1] it's significantly lower in dementia cases as compared with unaffected individuals of the same age [122-122.2]. This condition of hypo-perfusion conceivably exists to some degree in all other age groups, in all likelihood, and may not be limited, strictly, to the elderly [102-102.9]. However, it's incumbent on the research sphere to generate the required experimental data and to provide a direct study proof of this condition's prevalence in the general population of all ages [100-100.2]. The proposed study should comprise subjects of all age groups [90-90.11]. A certain percentage in each of these groups is likely to show brain blood flow which is, usually, expected in dementia cases regardless of the subject's age or health condition [29-29.3]. The overall percentage of low brain blood flow subjects of all groups would, eventually, agree with the percentage of dementia cases in the general population; which will come to serve as a strong indication that these subjects are likely to end up with some form of dementia at a later age [113] unless promptly treated for the condition [30]. Once accomplished it will, potentially, prompt implementation of a simple procedure and could prevent the onset of dementia altogether [110]. This procedure calls for ROUTINE monitoring of blood flow to the brain [92-92.12], the way blood pressure is routinely tested. It would allow for a timely [101-101.10] clinical/pharmacological [97] intervention to take place and correct the condition of the troubled cerebral perfusion [32-32.1.24]. (Should you consider taking up this challenge by initiating or participating in such a study project please advise at: telejt The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease presents a dilemma since it, presently, being diagnosed once cognitive decline sets in; at which point it's too late to intervene therapeutically [133] since brain cells are permanently damaged at this stage [40-40.3]. A routine brain blood flow test would serve to predict [120-120.8] this looming ailment and, hence, would open to the possibility of taking the above preventive measures. Furthermore, the condition of perfusion-abnormalities may imply brain disorders beyond dementia [112-112.35]. It could be suggested by the condition of cerebral hyper-perfusion [118-118.6] in addtion to hypo-perfusion and, possibly, point to psychiatric disorders as well [125-125.22]. Evidences indicate that perfusion-irregularity can even extend to afflictions which, generally, are not considered brain-ailments [117-117.20]. Having the procedure of routine brain blood-flow testing broadly implemented could, potentially, bring under control some of the most adversely and debilitating disorders. Monitoring brain blood flow can readily be accomplished, nowadays, by means of small portable devices [116-116.15]. Similar devices (some even hand held) are presently available on the market at a nominal cost [140]. At least several of these devices provide readings of blood flow non-invasively through arteries in quantitative/numerical form [23]. The bottom line There is a good number of studies concluding that brain blood-flow is a predominant factor in brain disorders [91-91.25]. These studies, together with the massive number of the above collection of studies, convincingly, demonstrate the need for blood-flow to be tested on a routine basis in order to achieve control of brain disorders. It, therefore, presents a challenge to medical general-practitioners physicians [142-142.4] to incorporate a routine brain blood-flow testing in standard patient-care [134]. Testing of brain blood-flow can, readily, be accomplished via point-of-care ultrasound [138-138.10]. The discipline of general-practitioners ought to consider combining these tests in standard patient-care promptly [31-31.1], and forgo awaiting a research-study "formally" recommending to do so (a recommendation which may, or may not, be forthcoming any time soon). Having brain blood-flow tests done routinely (the same as blood-pressure tests are, routinely, done) could, potentially, predict the onset of disorders as shown above. It will enable preventive medicine to take place, rather than the palliative medicine that is presently employed for managing these disorders [121].
Joel Tepper, P.Eng. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada telejt The following is presented as a sideline Aristotle, allegedly, stated that: "the role of the blood in the brain is to COOL the brain" (or, the other way around, depending who you ask). Ironically, he may have been right for a change (at least this time) for realizing the strong connection blood-flow [127], fluctuations of temperature [128-128.3], and heat-dissipation [123-124], taking place in the brain. Since brain-temperature is found to be higher in brain-disorders in general [130], it suggests a possible direct cause of dementia: reduced blood flow in the brain is known to result in elevated brain temperature [114-114.16]. It, therefore, bound to cause damage to brain-cells [39-39.1] and, finally, to cell-death [132-132.4]. Regardless of whether you do, or don't, accept it as a possible cause, would you consider routine monitoring of brain blood-flow to be of any use [136-136.11]? Bearing in mind that blood pressure is not necessarily reflects cerebral blood flow [85-88.8]. The epilogue Professional medical clinician and general-practitioners bent on testing their patients blood-pressure, while completely ignoring their brain blood-flow [119-119.1], actually foster healthy "vegetables" instead of maintaining healthy cognitive human beings. As a mere bystander in this medical environment, one can't help questioning whether it's best for blood-pressure also to be ignored to allow people to die in dignity [137-137.2] (as human beings deserve to die); if this flawed practice is to continue indefinitely. Any thought? telejt =REFERENCES EXCERPTS= ------------------------------- 1. The dark sides of amyloid in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis By: Pierpaolo Sorrentino et al. FEBS Lett. 2014 Mar 3;588(5):641-52 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.12.038 "Many evidences are starting to cast DOUBT on beta-amyloid as the primary causative factor in alzheimer's disease." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 2. Alzheimer's disease and AMYLOID: culprit or COINCIDENCE? By: Stephen D Skaper Int Rev Neurobiol. 2012;102:277-316 DOI: 10.1016B978-0-12-386986-9.000119 "... amyloid beta alone is UNABLE TO ACCOUNT for all aspects of Alzheimer's Disease ... raises the question as to whether accumulation of amyloid beta peptides is indeed the culprit for neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 3. Inconsistencies and controversies surrounding the AMYLOID HYPOTHESIS of Alzheimer's disease By: Gary P Morris et al. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014 Sep 18;2:135 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-014-0135-5 "We conclude it is essential to expand our view of pathogenesis BEYOND amyloid beta and tau pathology ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 4. On the origin of Alzheimer's disease. Trials and tribulations of the amyloid hypothesis By: Michael A Castello et al. Ageing Res Rev. 2014 Jan;13:10-2 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.10.001 "We believe that current evidence DOES NOT SUPPORT the amyloid cascade hypothesis for late onset Alzheimer's disease." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 5. The pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease with special reference to "amyloid cascade hypothesis" By: Akira Tamaoka Rinsho Byori. 2013 Nov;61(11):1060-9 "... cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease patients IS NOT CORRELATED with the levels of senile plaque formation." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 6. Understanding the cause of sporadic Alzheimer's disease By: Henrik Zetterberg et al. Expert Rev Neurother. 2014 Jun;14(6 :621-30 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2014.915740 "The AMYLOID BETA HYPOTHESIS posits that cerebral beta-amyloidosis is a critical early event in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. However, failed clinical trials of amyloid beta-centric drug candidates HAVE CALLED THIS HYPOTHESIS INTO QUESTION." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 7. A critical analysis of the 'amyloid cascade hypothesis' By: R A Armstrong Folia Neuropathol. 2014;52(3):211-25 "It was concluded: (1) beta-amyloid and tau could be the PRODUCTS rather than the cause of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease, (2) it is DOUBTFUL whether there is a direct causal link between beta-amyloid and tau, and (3) senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles MAY NOT BE DIRECTLY RELATED to the development of dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) ------------------------------------- 8. Microvessel occlusions ALTER amyloid-beta plaque morphology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease By: Yuying Zhang et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2020 Oct. DOI: 10.1177/0271678X19889092 "vascular dysfunction is correlated to the incidence and severity of Alzheimer's disease." (emph. added j.t.) --------------------------------------- 8.1 The role of chronic brain hypoperfusion in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease--facts and hypotheses By: Denes Zadori et al. Ideggyogy Sz. 2007 Nov 30;60(11-12):428-37 PMID: 18198789 "Hypoperfusion LEADS to ... neurodegenerative process ... of this neuronal tangles and the beta-amyloid plaques ..." (emph. added j.t.) --------------------------------------- 8.2 Endothelial dysfunction: A potential therapeutic target for geriatric depression and brain amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's disease? By: Elsa Isingrini et al. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2009 Jan;10(1):46-55 PMID: 19127486 "... strong evidence suggests that vascular diseases and vascular risk factors are associated with ... Alzheimer's disease ... COULD PARTIALLY EXPLAIN ... THE ONSET ... OF AMYLOID DEPOSITION in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ --------------------------------------- 8.3 Cerebral blood flow measured by arterial spin labeling MRI as a preclinical marker of Alzheimer's disease By: Christina E Wierenga et al. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-141467 "... cerebral hypoperfusion as a useful biomarker, possibly present even EARLIER than amyloid-beta accumulation ..." (emph. added j.t.) --------------------------------------- 8.4 Blood pressure and the risk for dementia: a double edged sword By: Sean P Kennelly et al. Ageing Res Rev. 2009 Apr. DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2008.11.001 "... ischaemic* state may LEAD TO increased cerebral BETA-AMYLOID accumulation ..." *Brain Ischemia Cerebral ischemia is defined as a flow of blood to the brain that is insufficient to meet its metabolic demands, leading to loss of function and CELL DEATH. (emph. added j.t.) --------------------------------------- 8.5 A possible role of atrial fibrillation as a risk factor for dementia By: E Ettorre et al. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009;49 Suppl 1:71-6 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2009.09.014 "... response in patients with Alzheimer's disease to therapy that improves cerebral blood flow is a consistent finding; the same CANNOT BE SAID of antiamyloid treatments ..." (emph. added j.t.) --------------------------------------- 8.6 Alzheimer disease as a vascular disorder: nosological evidence By: J C de la Torre Stroke. 2002 Apr;33(4):1152-62 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000014421.15948.67 "... the CAUSE of this disorder [Alzheimer disease] has remained UNCERTAIN until now ..." "... Evidence that sporadic (nongenetic) Alzheimer disease is PRIMARILY A VASCULAR rather than a`neurodegenerative disorder ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ --------------------------------------- 8.7 Management of cerebral small vessel disease for the diagnosis and treatment of dementia By: Masafumi Ihara Brain Nerve. 2013 Jul;65(7):801-9 "... The discouraging results of immunotherapy clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease have SHIFTED the scientific attention from the classical neuron-centric approach TOWARDS a novel NEUROVASCULAR approach ..." (emph. added j.t.) --------------------------------------- 8.8 Cerebral Hemodynamics in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review By: Lucy Beishon et al. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;59(1):369-385 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-170181 "... Vascular pathology PRECEDES the deposition of AMYLOID ..." (emph. added j.t.) --------------------------------------- 8.9 Alzheimer's disease: cardiovascular risk factors must be assessed By: Antoine et al. Rev Med Interne. 2006 Jan;27(1):21-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2005.04.037 "The theory of a neurotoxicity initiated by AMYLOID deposition is QUESTIONED." (emph. added j.t.) --------------------------------------- 8.10 Is Alzheimer's disease a neurodegenerative or a vascular disorder? Data, dogma, and dialectics By: Jack C de la Torre Lancet Neurol. 2004 Mar;3(3):184-90 DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(04)00683-0 "... research reveals NO COMPELLING EVIDENCE that AMYLOID deposition is neurotoxic in human beings or that it results in neurodegenerative changes ..." (emph. added j.t.) --------------------------------------- 8.11 Of Energy and Entropy: The Ineluctable Impact of Aging in Old Age Dementia By: Virginia Boccardi et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Dec 9;18(12):2672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122672 "... despite decades of studies [of Alzheimer's disease], the underlying mechanisms remain unresolved ..." Back ↑ --------------------------------------- 8.12 Protein Aggregation in the Pathogenesis of Ischemic Stroke By: Shusheng Wu et al. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2021 Aug;41(6):1183-1194 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00899-y "... protein aggregation is considered to be a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, the formation of protein aggregates can be also induced within a SHORT TIME AFTER cerebral ischemia* ... ... Protein aggregation uncovers a previously UNAPPRECIATED molecular overlap between neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic stroke ..." *Brain Ischemia Cerebral ischemia is defined as a flow of blood to the brain that is insufficient to meet its metabolic demands, leading to loss of function and CELL DEATH. (emph. added j.t.) --------------------------------------- 8.13 Sporadic Alzheimer's disease begins as episodes of brain ischemia and ischemically dysregulated Alzheimer's disease genes By: Ryszard Pluta et al. Mol Neurobiol. 2013 Dec;48(3):500-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8439-1 "... Recent evidence suggests that the pathophysiology and neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease comprises MORE THAN AMYLOID accumulation ..." (emph. added j.t.) --------------------------------------- 8.14 Alzheimer's disease and amyloid: culprit or coincidence? By: Stephen D Skaper Int Rev Neurobiol. 2012;102:277-316 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-386986-9.00011-9 "... it is becoming increasing clear that Alzheimer's disease etiology is complex and that amyloid beta alone is UNABLE TO ACCOUNT for all aspects of Alzheimer's disease ... neurodegeneration RAISES THE QUESTION as to whether accumulation of amyloid beta peptides is indeed the culprit for neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) --------------------------------------- 8.15 Increased cortical capillary transit time heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease: a DSC-MRI perfusion study By: Simon F Eskildsen et al. Neurobiol Aging. 2017 Feb;50:107-118 DOI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.11.004 "... Hypoxia caused by MICROVASCULAR CHANGES and disturbed capillary flows could STIMULATE BUILD-UP of Alzheimer's disease-specific proteins [tau and neurotoxic amyloid beta] in the brain ..." (emph. added j.t.) --------------------------------------- 8.16 Periodontitis as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease: The Experimental Journey So Far, with Hope of Therapy By: Alice Harding et al. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2022;1373:241-260 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_13 "... The cause of Alzheimer's disease remains unknown ..." Back ↑ --------------------------------------- 8.17 Alzheimer's disease and Helicobacter pylori infection: a possible link? By: Claire Roubaud Baudron et al. Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil. 2016 Mar;14(1):86-94 DOI: 10.1684/pnv.2016.0584 "Alzheimer's disease is associated with Amloyed beta peptide and Tau protein deposits, but the INITIAL PROCESS inducing the disease and ultimately neurodegeneration HAS NOT yet been elucidated ..." (emph. added j.t.) --------------------------------------- 8.18 Assessment of Neurovascular Uncoupling: APOE Status is a Key Driver of Early Metabolic and Vascular Dysfunction By: Kristen Onos et al. bioRxiv [Preprint]. 2024 Mar 13:2023.12.13.571584 Originally published 2023 Dec 14. [Version 2] DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.13.571584 "Alzheimer's disease ... clinical diagnostic imaging focuses on amyloid and tau; however, NEW METHODS are needed for EARLIER DETECTION." (emph. added j.t.) --------------------------------------- 8.19 Cooperation between neurovascular dysfunction and amyloid-beta in Alzheimer's disease By: Niya Wang et.al. Front Mol Neurosci. 2023 Aug 16;16:1227493 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1227493 "The amyloid-beta hypothesis was once believed to represent the pathogenic process of Alzheimer's disease. However, with ... increasing understanding of the disease, the amyloid-beta hypothesis has been CHALLENGED. Numerous recent investigations have demonstrated that the VASCULAR SYSTEM plays a SIGNIFICANT ROLE in the course of Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) --------------------------------------- 8.20 Cerebral blood volume in Alzheimer's disease and correlation with tissue structural integrity By: Jinsoo Uh et al. Neurobiol Aging Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Dec 1 Published in final edited form as: Neurobiol Aging 2009 Feb 5;31(12):2038-2046 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.12.010 "... While amyloid/tau pathology is the primary focus in the field, recent evidence indicates that VASCULAR FACTORS are IMPORTANT in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) --------------------------------------- 8.21 The identification and cognitive correlation of perfusion patterns measured with arterial spin labeling MRI in Alzheimers disease By: Meng Meng et ai. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2023 Apr 10;15:75 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01222-9 "... cerebral HYPOPERFUSION [is] INDEPENDENT of amyloid and tau pathology ..." (emph. added j.t.) --------------------------------------- 8.22 The identification and cognitive correlation of perfusion patterns measured with arterial spin labeling MRI in Alzheimer's disease Alzheimers Res Ther 2023 Apr 10;15:75 By: Meng Meng et al. DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01222-9 "... cerebral HYPOPERFUSION, plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease, INDEPENDENT of AMYLOID and tau pathology." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "amyloid hypothesis" ↑ --------------------------------------- 9. Tibetan medicine ... treatment of Alzheimer disease By: Jing-Ming Shi et al. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2 015 Nov 15;8(11 :19874-80 eCollection 2015 "... Currently, the pathogenesis of Alzheimer Disease is still uncertain ... NO DRUG can really PREVENT AND CURE Alzheimer Disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 10. Computer mouse movement patterns: A potential marker of mild cognitive impairment By: Adriana Seelye et al. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Volume 1, Issue 4 p. 472-480 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2015.09.006 "... Alzheimer's disease is a leading cause of death in America and currently there is NO PREVENTION OR CURE ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 10.1 Nerve Growth Factor Gene Therapy: Activation of Neuronal Responses in Alzheimer Disease By: Mark H Tuszynski et al. JAMA Neurol. 2015 Oct;72(10):1139-47 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.1807 "... Alzheimer disease .... LACKS EFFECTIVE DISEASE-MODIFYING THERAPIES ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 10.2 Ageing as a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease By: Yujun Hou et al. Nat Rev Neurol. 2019 Oct;15(10):565-581 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-019-0244-7 "... neurodegenerative diseases, which tend to PROGRESS in an irreversible manner ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 10.3 Potential Cognitive Benefits From Playing Music Among Cognitively Intact Older Adults: A Scoping Review By: Catherine E Schneider et al. J Appl Gerontol. 2019 Dec;38(12):1763-1783 DOI: 10.1177/0733464817751198 "... There is LITTLE EVIDENCE indicating highly effective interventions preventing or slowing onset of cognitive impairment ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 10.4 Blood-brain barrier and innate immunity in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease By: Goran Simic et al. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2019;168:99-145 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.06.003 "... EFFORTS to treat or prevent Alzheimer's disease have been UNSUCCESSFUL ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 10.5 Oxidant/Antioxidant imbalance and the risk of Alzheimer's disease By: Ahmed E Abdel Moneim Curr Alzheimer Res. 2015;12(4):335-49 DOI: 10.2174/1567205012666150325182702 "... Currently, there is NO available TREATMENTS [that] can modify the [Alzheimer's] disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 10.6 Imaging Methods Applicable in the Diagnostics of Alzheimer's Disease, Considering the Involvement of Insulin Resistance By: Petra Hnilicova et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 7;24(4):3325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043325 "Alzheimer's disease is an INCURABLE neurodegenerative disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 10.7 Capillary function progressively deteriorates in prodromal Alzheimer's disease: A longitudinal MRI perfusion study By: Lasse S Madsen et al. Aging Brain 2022 Feb 19;2:100035 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100035 "Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia ... remains a major healthcare concern as NO prevention or satisfactory TREATMENT is currently available." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "Alzheimer's disease, and dementia in general, still can't be cured, prevented, or even slowed down" ↑ -------------------------------------- 11. Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia, Under-Recognized Public Health Crisis in China By: Mi Tian, et al. Journal of Gerontology & Geriatric Research Jun 14, 2014; Acc date: Jul 06, 2014 Pub date: Jul 08, 2014 DOI:10.4172/2167-7182.1000162 "... worldwide, 35.6 million people were estimated to be living with dementia in 2010, with 7.7 million new cases each year; 115.4 million people are EXPECTED to have dementia in 2050 ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 11.1 Alzheimer's disease drug development: translational neuroscience strategies By: Jeffrey L Cummings et al. CNS Spectr. 2013 Jun;18(3):128-38. DOI: 10.1017/S1092852913000023 "Alzheimer's disease is an URGENT public health challenge that is rapidly approaching EPIDEMIC PROPORTIONS ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 11.2 Possibilities of Dementia Prevention - It is Never Too Early to Start By: Sandra Morovic et al. J Med Life. 2019 Oct-Dec;12(4):332-337 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2019-0088 "... More than 50 million people worldwide suffer from dementia, and this number is PREDICTED TO TRIPLE by 2050 ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 11.3 A Neurologist's Practical Approach to Cognitive Impairment By: Philip W Tipton et al. Semin Neurol. 2021 Dec DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726354 "... The global prevalence of dementia is EXPECTED TO TRIPLE by the year 2050 ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 11.4 Recent developments in Alzheimer's disease By: P Cras. Acta Clin Belg Acta Clin Belg. 2001 Sep-Oct;56(5):269-78 DOI: 10.1179/acb.2001.040 "... Alzheimer's disease is the most frequent form of dementia and it is estimated that its prevalence will quadruple by the year 2050 ..." -------------------------------------- 11.5 Spatial variation of perfusion MRI reflects cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment and early dementia By: Catherine A Morgan et al. Sci Rep 2021 Dec 2;11:23325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02313-z "There are approximately 50 million people currently living with dementia worldwide, a number set to increase three-fold by 2050 ..." Back to: "worldwide it would amount to having a new case nearly every second" ↑ -------------------------------------- 12. Detecting perfusion deficit in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment patients ... By: Shaozhen Yan et al. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2019 Apr;49(4 :1099-1104 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26283. Epub 2018 Oct 14 "... Vascular factors contributing to cerebral HYPOPERFUSION are implicated in the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 12.01 Prevalence and cognitive impact of cerebrovascular findings in Alzheimer's disease: a retrospective, naturalistic study By: N Tabet et al. Int J Clin Pract. 2009 Feb;63(2):338-45 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01971.x "Cerebrovascular disease is a MAJOR RISK FACTOR for cognitive decline associated with progression to ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND DEMENTIA ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 12.02 Leaky memories ... By: Wenlu Li et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2020 Sep. DOI: 10.1177/0271678X20938146 "... the role of VASCULAR contributions to Alzheimer's disease and dementia is increasingly recognized ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 12.03 Memory impairment ... is associated ... with hippocampal hypoperfusion ... By: Abbie C Johnson et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2020 Apr. DOI: 10.1177/0271678X19848510 ... hippocampal PERFUSION as underlying mechanisms of memory impairment ... (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 12.04 Two-photon microscopic imaging of capillary red blood cell flux in mouse brain reveals vulnerability of cerebral white matter to HYPOPERFUSION By: Baoqiang Li et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2020 Mar. DOI: 10.1177/0271678X19831016. "... blood flow ... HYPOPERFUSION ... potentially exacerbating ... DETERIORATION in brain conditions ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 12.05 Treatment of vascular risk factors is associated with slower decline in Alzheimer disease By: Yan Deschaintre et al. Neurology. 2009 DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181b59bf3 "... There is growing evidence that VASCULAR RISK FACTORS contribute to cognitive decline ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 12.06 Cognitive impairment in heart failure: issues of measurement and etiology By: Barbara Riegel et al. Am J Crit Care. 2002 Nov;11(6):520-8 PMID: 12425402 "... Cognitive impairment is relatively common in patients with heart failure..." [does the cognitive impairment, actually, caused by cerebral blood flow reduction rather then directly by the heart failure per se? j.t.] -------------------------------------- 12.1 Pathophysiology of neuronal energy crisis in Alzheimer's disease By: Jack C de la Torre Neurodegener Dis. 2008;5(3-4):126-32 DOI: 10.1159/000113681 "... preclinical detection tools for Alzheimer's disease are proof of concept that cerebral hypoperfusion is one of the earliest pathological signs in the DEVELOPMENT of cognitive failure ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 12.2 ... Quantitative Study of the Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow ... By: Li Dongxue et al. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 1-24, 2019 "... REDUCTION in [cerebral] blood perfusion in multiple regions existed during the PROGRESSION of Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 12.3 ... hypoperfused brain ... primary target for the development of Alzheimer's disease By: Ali Aliyev et al. J Neurol Sci. 2005 Mar 15;229-230:285-92 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2004.11.040 ... The role of hypoperfusion, as a KEY FACTOR ... appears to be widely accepted as an INITIATOR of Alzheimer's disease ... (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 12.4 Relation of neurocardiovascular instability to cognitive, emotional and functional domains By: C Bendini et al. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2007;44 Suppl 1:69-74 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2007.01.010 ... REDUCES cerebral blood flow, INCREASING the risk of cognitive impairment ... (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 13. Brain hypoperfusion: a critical factor in vascular dementia By: Gustavo C Roman Neurol Res 2004 Jul;26(5):454-8 DOI: 10.1179/016164104225017686 "... hypoperfusion explain the HIGH RISK for the development of cognitive impairment and vascular dementia in older patients ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 14. NEUROVASCULAR Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration in Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease By: Amy R Nelson et al. Biochim Biophys Acta May 2016 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.12.016 "vascular insults can INITIATE a cascade of molecular events leading to neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment, and dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 15. Post-mortem Assessment of Hypoperfusion of Cerebral Cortex in Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia By: Taya Thomas et al. 2015 Apr;138(Pt 4):1059-69 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv025 "perfusion is REDUCED in the cerebral neocortex in Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 16. Cerebral hypoperfusion and the Energy Deficit in Alzheimer's Disease By: Seth Love et al. Brain Pathol. 2016 Sep;26(5):607-17 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12401 "There is a hypoperfusion DEFICIT in Alzheimer's disease ... the deficit ANTICIPATES the development of dementia, contributes to brain damage, and is caused by both functional and structural abnormalities of the cerebral vasculature ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 17. increasing CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW improves cognition into late stages in Alzheimer's disease mice By: Oliver Bracko et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2020 Jul. DOI: 10.1177/0271678X19873658. "Alzheimer's disease is associated with a 20-30% reduction in cerebral blood flow." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 18. "cerebral blood flow REDUCTIONS in Alzheimer's disease patients .. have been recognized for decades ..." By: Jean C. Cruz, et al. Nature Neuroscience volume 22, pages: 413-420 (2019) (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 19. Longitudinal cerebral PERFUSION IN PRESYMPTOMATIC genetic frontotemporal DEMENTIA: GENFI results By: Maurice Pasternak et al. Alzheimers Dement. 2024 May; 20(5): 3525-3542 Published online 2024 Apr 16 Italian DOI: 10.1002/alz.13750 "... cerebral perfusion carries the characteristics of a POTENTIAL biomarker for frontotemporal DEMENTIA" (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 20. Vascular risk profiles for dementia and Alzheimer's disease in very old people ... By: Chengxuan Qiu et al. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;20(1):293-300 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-2010-1361 "... INSUFFICIENT perfusion are involved in the DEVELOPMENT of dementia including Alzheimer's disease." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 21. Risk factors for dementia and Alzheimer's disease ... By: Cheng-xuan Qiu et al. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2005 Nov;26(11):882-7 "... vascular DISORDERS ... were MAJOR RISK factors for dementia and Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 22. reduced cerebral blood in Mild Cognitive Impairment Assessed Using Phase-Contrast MRI By: Reyes Garcia de Eulate et al. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;58(2):585-595 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-161222 "There is increasing evidence of a vascular CONTRIBUTION to Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.1 ... Cognitive Dysfunction after Cerebral ischemia* By: Iris Escobar et al. J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;67(2):425-446 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-180875 "... cognitive outcomes following cerebral ischemia* ..." *Brain Ischemia Cerebral ischemia is defined as a flow of blood to the brain that is insufficient to meet its metabolic demands, leading to loss of function and CELL DEATH. (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.2 Neuroimaging studies on cognitive impairment due to cerebral small vessel disease By: Jing Du et al. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2019 Apr 5;4(2):99-101 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2018-000209 "vascular cognitive impairment is a MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR to age-related dementing ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.3 Sorting out the clinical consequences of ischemic* lesions in brain aging: a clinicopathological approach By: Gabriel Gold et al. J Neurol Sci. 2007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2007.01.020 "... vascular lesions that can IMPACT cognitive function ..." *Brain Ischemia Cerebral ischemia is defined as a flow of blood to the brain that is insufficient to meet its metabolic demands, leading to loss of function and CELL DEATH. (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.4 Longitudinal Cerebral Blood Flow Changes in Normal Aging and the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum Identified by Arterial Spin Labeling MRI By: Aldo Camargo et al. J Alzheimers Dis. 2021 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-210116 ... cerebral blood flow REDUCTIONS ESCALATED in mild cognitive impairment subjects ... (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 22.5 Impaired neurovascular coupling in aging and Alzheimer's disease: Contribution of astrocyte dysfunction and endothelial impairment to cognitive decline By: Stefano Tarantini et al. Exp Gerontol. 2017 Aug. DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.11.004 "... IMPAIRMENT of cerebral microvessels... which likely CONTRIBUTE to neurovascular dysfunction and cognitive decline ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.6 IGF-1 deficiency impairs neurovascular coupling in mice: implications for cerebromicrovascular aging By: Peter Toth et al. Aging Cell. 2015 Dec. DOI: 10.1111/acel.12372. Epub 2015 Jul 14 ... cerebromicrovascular DYSFUNCTION... likely to CONTRIBUTE to cognitive impairment ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.7 Impaired neurovascular coupling in aging and Alzheimer's disease: Contribution of astrocyte dysfunction and endothelial impairment to cognitive decline By: Stefano Tarantini et al. Exp Gerontol. 2017 Aug. DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.11.004 "... The importance of (micro)vascular CONTRIBUTIONS to cognitive impairment and dementia in aging cannot be overemphasized ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.8 Neuropsychology of cognitive ageing, minimal cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular cognitive impairment By: Jaap Lindeboom et al. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Apr 19;490(1-3):83-6 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.02.046 "... several vascular pathologies can LEAD to cognitive deterioration ... Cerebrovascular disease also plays an IMPORTANT ROLE in forms of cognitive decline ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.9 Pumps, aqueducts, and drought management: vascular physiology in vascular cognitive impairment By: Randolph S Marshall et al. Stroke. 2011 Jan DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.595645 "... Recent evidence, however, suggests that cognitive impairment may be independently MEDIATED by hemodynamic dysfunction, including global and hemispheral hypoperfusion and altered cerebral blood flow regulation ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 22.10 Brain atrophy and cognition: interaction with cerebrovascular pathology? By: Majon Muller et al. Neurobiol Aging. 2011 May DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.05.005 "... Our findings suggest that patients with cerebrovascular pathology ... may be more VULNERABLE to impairment in executive functioning related to ... focal brain atrophy ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.11 Cerebral microbleeds and cognition in cerebrovascular disease: an update By: Andreas Charidimou et al. J Neurol Sci. 2012 Nov 15;322(1-2):50-5 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.05.052 "... Sporadic cerebral small vessel disease is a MAJOR CAUSE of cognitive impairment ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.12 Vascular neuropathology and cognitive decline By: V Deramecourt Rev Neurol (Paris) 2013 Oct;169(10):765-71 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2013.07.008 "Cerebrovascular disease is an important CAUSE of cognitive decline and dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.13 Alzheimer's disease in late-life dementia: a minor toxic consequence of devastating cerebrovascular dysfunction By: M C Henry-Feugeas Med Hypotheses 2008;70(4):866-75 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2007.07.027 "... cerebrovascular disease is omnipresent and the CRUCIAL role of microvascular alterations increasingly recognized in late dementia or "Alzheimer syndrome"...." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.14 Aspects of ageing in chronic cerebral oligaemia. Mechanisms of degeneration and compensation in rat models By: K Plaschke. J Neural Transm (Vienna)2005 Mar;112(3):393-413 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-004-0191-2 "... Cerebral oligaemia may become a stress factor during ageing, LEADING to functional and structural deterioration in the brain ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 22.15 Assessing cerebrovascular contribution to late dementia of the Alzheimer's type: the role of combined hemodynamic and structural MR analysis By: Marie Cecile Henry-Feugeas J Neurol Sci.2009 Aug 15;283(1-2):44-8 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2009.02.325 "... recent neuropathological observations to suggest that the major enemy to combat in late-life dementia IS NOT Alzheimer's disease but cerebrovascular dysfunction ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.16 Normal aging and cognition: the unacknowledged contribution of cerebrovascular risk factors By: L Morra et al. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn.2013;20(3):271-97 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2012.693905 "... research suggests that part of the variance in age-related cognitive decline is ATTRIBUTABLE to modifiable factors common in geriatric populations such as cerebrovascular risk factors ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.17 Reduced brain perfusion and cognitive performance due to constitutional hypotension By: Stefan Duschek et al. Clin Auton Res. 2007 Apr;17(2):69-76 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-006-0379-7 "... studies demonstrated INSUFFICIENT adjustment of blood flow to cognitive requirements ...: (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.18 Cognitive impairments in patients with cerebrovascular risk factors: a comparison of Mini Mental Status Exam and Montreal Cognitive Assessment By: Hajir Sikaroodi et al. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2013 Aug;115(8):1276-80 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2012.11.026 "... Recent evidence suggests that cerebrovascular risk factors are CONTRIBUTING FACTORS, not only to vascular cognitive decline, but also for Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.19 Vascular risk factors promote conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease By: J Li et al. Neurology. 2011 Apr 26;76(17):1485-91. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318217e7a4 "... Growing evidence suggests that vascular risk factors CONTRIBUTE to cognitive decline ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 22.20 Serum HDL, LDL and total cholesterol in patients with late-life onset of Alzheimer's disease versus vascular dementia By: Zlatko Trkanjec et al. Acta Clin Croat. 2009 Sep;48(3):259-63 "... Patients with cerebrovascular risk factors are nowadays recognized as being at an INCREASED RISK of developing cognitive decline ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.21 The clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of cerebral small vessel disease By: Ai-Juan Zhang et al. Neurosci Bull 2010 Jun;26(3):257-64. DOI: 10.1007/s12264-010-1210-y "... These [small vessel disease] disorders often CAUSE decline in cognition ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.22 The role of chronic brain hypoperfusion in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease--facts and hypotheses By: Denes Zadori et al. Ideggyogy Sz. 2007 Nov 30;60(11-12):428-37 "...HYPOPERFUSION LEADS to the degeneration of capillaries [in watershed areas of the brain]..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.23 Primary cerebral blood flow deficiency and Alzheimer's disease: shadows and lights By: Marianna Mazza et al. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;23(3):375-89 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-2010-090700 "... It is most likely that a reduction in cerebral blood flow could displace a pathway LEADING to Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.24 Critically attained threshold of cerebral hypoperfusion: can it cause Alzheimer's disease? By: J C de la Torre Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000 Apr;903:424-36 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06394.x "... pathologic events are TRIGGERED in Alzheimer's disease by impaired cerebral perfusion ... INITIATE cognitive dysfunction and neurodegeneration as expressed in Alzheimer's disease brain ... the presence of a condition that LOWERS cerebral perfusion ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 22.25 Vascular Cognitive Impairment Caused by Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Is Associated with the TLR4 in the Hippocampus By: Fulin Gao et al. J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;70(2):563-572 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-190240 "Cerebral small vessel disease CAN LEAD to leukodystrophy and cognitive impairment ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.26 Genetic factors in cerebral small vessel disease and their impact on stroke and dementia By: Christof Haffner et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2016 Jan; DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.71 "... Cerebral small vessel disease is among the MOST FREQUENT CAUSES of both stroke and dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.27 Alzheimer disease as a vascular disorder: nosological evidence By: J C de la Torre Stroke. 2002 Apr;33(4):1152-62 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000014421.15948.67 "... epidemiological studies showing that practically all risk factors for Alzheimer disease reported thus far have a vascular component that REDUCES cerebral perfusion ..." "... The collective data presented in this review STRONGLY SUPPORT the concept that sporadic Alzheimer disease is a vascular disorder ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.28 Management of cerebral small vessel disease for the diagnosis and treatment of dementia By: Masafumi Ihara Brain Nerve. 2013 Jul;65(7):801-9 ".... cerebral small vessel disease has received much attention as an IMPORTANT CAUSE of dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.29 Sleep as a Novel Biomarker and a Promising Therapeutic Target for Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Review Focusing on Alzheimer's Disease and the Blood-Brain Barrier By: Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Aug 31;21(17):6293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176293 ",,, Cerebral small vessel disease is a LEADING CAUSE of cognitive decline in elderly people and development of Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 22.30 Cerebrovascular Disease and Cognitive Outcome in Patients with Cardiac Disease By: Michelle C Johansen et al. Semin Neurol. 2021 Aug;41(4):463-472 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726330 "... constantly evolving insights into the vascular CONTRIBUTIONS to cognitive impairment and dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.31 Vascular cognitive impairment in dementia By: Christopher D Etherton-Beer Maturitas. 2014 Oct;79(2):220-6 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.06.004 "... Vascular risk factors and cerebrovascular disease are common CAUSES of dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.32 Is Alzheimer's disease a neurodegenerative or a vascular disorder? Data, dogma, and dialectics By: Jack C de la Torre Lancet Neurol. 2004 Mar;3(3):184-90 DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(04)00683-0 "... data supporting Alzheimer's disease as a primary vascular disorder are ... convincing ..." -------------------------------------- 22.33 Neurovascular pathways to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and other disorders By: Berislav V Zlokovic Nat Rev Neurosci. 2011 Nov 3;12(12):723-38 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3114 "... vascular-derived insults might initiate and/or contribute to neuronal degeneration ..." -------------------------------------- 22.34 The close link between brain vascular pathological conditions and neurodegenerative diseases: Focus on some examples and potential treatments By: Giuseppe Schiro et al. Vascul Pharmacol. 2022 Feb;142:106951 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106951 "... A close relationship is emerging among ... neurodegenerative decline, and ... alterations, dysfunctions, and related diseases of the CEROBRO-VASCULAR system, which contributes in a significative manner to the TRIGGERING and progressing of neurodegenerative diseases ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 22.35 Relationship between cognitive function and regulation of cerebral blood flow By: Shigehiko Ogoh J Physiol Sci. 2017 May;67(3):345-351 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0525-0 ".. cognitive deterioration may be AFFECTED by a decrease in cerebral blood flow as a result of brain ischemia* ..." *Brain Ischemia Cerebral ischemia is defined as a flow of blood to the brain that is insufficient to meet its metabolic demands, leading to loss of function and CELL DEATH. (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.36 The progression of cognitive deterioration and regional cerebral blood flow patterns in Alzheimer's disease: a longitudinal SPECT study By: Haruo Hanyu et al. J Neurol Sci. 2010 Mar 15;290(1-2):96-101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2009.10.022 ".. the rapidly progressing group [of cognitive deterioration] had GREATER regional cerebral blood flow DEFICITS ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.37 Very-low-frequency oscillations of cerebral hemodynamics and blood pressure are affected by aging and cognitive load By: Anouk Vermeij et al. Neuroimage. 2014 Jan 15;85 Pt 1:608-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.107 "... DEGENERATION of the vascular system, which may HAVE CONSEQUENCES for regional cerebral blood flow and cognitive performance ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.38 HYPOPERFUSION of brain parenchyma is associated with the severity of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in patients with multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional preliminary report By: Paolo Zamboni et al. BMC Med. 2011 Mar 7;9:22 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-9-22 "... REDUCED perfusion could contribute to ... DEGENERATED axons ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.39 The thermodynamic brain By: Joseph Donnelly et al. Crit Car. 2014 Dec 12;18(6):693 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-014-0693-8 "... if there is NO high-volume blood flow to cool and stabilize the brain temperature, the possibility of UNSTABLE behavior seems to be high ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 22.40 Effect of aging on brain energy-metabolism By: Nili Zarchin et al. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physi. 2002 May;132(1):117-20 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(01)00537-2 "... hemodynamic oscillations are related to the DEVELOPMENT of a pathological state and are NOT A NORMAL cerebral function ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.41 Dose-dependent association of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time with brain perfusion in aging By: Zvinka Z Zlatar et al. Exp Gerontol. 2019 Oct 1;125:110679 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110679 "... Age-related decreases in CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW may LEAD to cognitive decline ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.42 Increasing cerebral blood flow improves cognition into late stages in Alzheimer's disease mice By: Oliver Bracko et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2020 Jul;40(7):1441-1452 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X19873658 "... Alzheimer's disease is associated with a 20-30% reduction in cerebral blood flow ... ... growing body of evidence suggesting that cerebral blood flow reductions are an IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTING FACTOR to the cognitive dysfunction associated with neurodegenerative disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.43 Genetic Factors of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Their Potential Clinical Outcome By: Vo Van Giau et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Sep 3;20(17):4298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174298 "... Cerebral small vessel diseases have been causally correlated with ischemic strokes, LEADING TO cognitive decline and vascular dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.44 Frontal dynamic activity as a predictor of cognitive dysfunction after pontine ischemia By: Shigeru Obayashi NeuroRehabilitation 2019;44(2):251-261 DOI: 10.3233/NRE-182566 "... cognitive DYSFUNCTION after pontine ischemia* ..." *Brain Ischemia Cerebral ischemia is defined as a flow of blood to the brain that is insufficient to meet its metabolic demands, leading to loss of function and CELL DEATH. (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 22.45 Detecting perfusion deficit in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment patients by resting-state fMRI By: Shaozhen Yan et al. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2019 Apr;49(4):1099-1104 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26283 "... HYPOPERFUSION are IMPLICATED in the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.46 Vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease - are we in a dead-end road? By: Margherita Cavalieri et al. Neurodegener Dis. 2010;7(1-3):122-6 DOI: 10.1159/000285521 "... most Alzheimer's disease cases present with AT LEAST SOME vascular brain lesions ..." "... vascular lesions, even if subtle, EXERT SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS on the patients' cognitive functioning ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.47 Vascular dementia: still a debatable entity? By: C Loeb et al. J Neurol Sci. 1996 Nov;143(1-2):31-40 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(96)00191-8 "... Vascular dementia is a clinical entity, identifiable in at least 30-70% of patients AFTER STROKES ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.48 Vascular dementia: a changing concept By: M Hennerici Arzneimittelforschung. 1995 Mar;45(3A):366-70. "... REDUCTION OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW leading to neuronal death, cerebral atrophy, and finally dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.49 The Impact of Low Hemoglobin Levels on Cognitive Brain Functions By: Boula S Gattas et al. Cureus. 2020 Nov 8;12(11):e11378 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11378 "... currently conducted studies support the idea that anemia is a SIGNIFICANT RISK factor for dementia ... ... anemia CAUSES a decrease in cognitive brain functions ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 22.50 Cognition in Vascular Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment By: Glykeria Tsentidou et al. J Alzheimers Di. 2019;72(1):55-70 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-190638 "... vascular risk factors ... LEADS to an increasing risk of cognitive decline ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.51 Correlation between White Matter Hyperintensities Related Gray Matter Volume and Cognition in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease By: Yifan Wang et al. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020 Dec;29(12):105275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105275 "... Cerebral small vessel disease is considered as a whole brain disease ..." -------------------------------------- 22.52 Common Proteomic and Genomic Contribution to Ischemic Brain Damage and Alzheimer's Disease By: Ryszard Pluta et al. Alzheimer's Disease [Internet]. Brisbane (AU): Codon Publications; 2019 Dec 20. Chapter 4 "... ischemic* episode is an ESSENTIAL AND LEADING provider of Alzheimer's disease development ..." *Brain Ischemia Cerebral ischemia is defined as a flow of blood to the brain that is insufficient to meet its metabolic demands, leading to loss of function and CELL DEATH. (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.53 Alzheimer's Disease Connected Genes in the Post-Ischemic Hippocampus and Temporal Cortex By: Ryszard Pluta Genes (Basel). 2022 Jun 14;13(6):1059 "... It is considered that brain ischemia can be CAUSATIVE connected to Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.54 Sporadic Alzheimer's disease begins as episodes of brain ischemia and ischemically dysregulated Alzheimer's disease genes By: Ryszard Pluta et al. Mol Neurobiol. 2013 Dec;48(3):500-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8439-1 "... ischemic* episodes of brain best describe the pathogenic cascade, which eventually LEADS to neuronal loss ... and irreversible dementia of Alzheimer type ..." *Brain Ischemia Cerebral ischemia is defined as a flow of blood to the brain that is insufficient to meet its metabolic demands, leading to loss of function and CELL DEATH. (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 22.55 Alzheimer's dementia: pathogenesis and impact of cardiovascular risk factors on cognitive decline By: Pitchaya Wanleenuwat et al. Postgrad Med. 2019 Sep;131(7):415-422 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2019.1657776 "... disease development and the acceleration of cognitive deterioration by WORSENING cerebral perfusion ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.56 Can statin therapy really reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease and slow its progression? By: Takashi Miida et al. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2005 Dec;16(6):619-23 DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000191246.68443.ff "... cerebral hypoperfusion, a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline ..." -------------------------------------- 22.57 Betaine reverses the memory impairments in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rat model By: Chunjie Nie et al. Neurosci Lett. 2016 Feb 26;615:9-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.11.019 "... The chronic cerebral hypoperfusion had been widely found in vascular dementia patients and is thought to be the KEY reason for cognitive impairment ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.58 Nitric-oxide synthase mediates the ability of darbepoetin alfa to attenuate pre-existing spatial working memory deficits in rats subjected to transient global ischemia By: Michel L Samson et al. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2010 May;333(2):437-44 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.165530 "... working memory deficits RESULTING from transient global ischemia* ..." *Brain Ischemia Cerebral ischemia is defined as a flow of blood to the brain that is insufficient to meet its metabolic demands, leading to loss of function and CELL DEATH. (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.59 Age-dependent rescue by simvastatin of Alzheimer's disease cerebrovascular and memory deficits By: Xin-Kang Tong et al. J Neurosci. 2012 Apr 4;32(14):4705-15 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0169-12.2012 "... Increasing evidence also indicates that CEREBROVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION may be a KEY or an aggravating pathogenic factor in Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 22.60 Apathy and Cognitive Deficits in Patients with Transient Global Ischemia After Cardiac Arrest By: Stefan Frisch et al. Cogn Behav Neurol. 2017 Dec;30(4):172-175 DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000139 "... extensive literature [exist] on cognitive deficits in the course of transient global ischemia ... transient global ischemia* ... LEADS to a broad pattern of cognitive decline with predominating memory deficits ..." *Brain Ischemia Cerebral ischemia is defined as a flow of blood to the brain that is insufficient to meet its metabolic demands, leading to loss of function and CELL DEATH. (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.61 Orthostatic blood pressure reduction as a possible explanation for memory deficits in dialysis patients By: Wenjin Liu et al. Hypertens Res. 2019 Jul;42(7):1049-1056 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0236-4 "... Our study reveals that exaggerated orthostatic blood pressure reduction is a POSSIBLE EXPLANATION for ... memory deficits ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.62 (-)-SCR1693 Protects against Memory Impairment and Hippocampal Damage in a Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Rat Model By: Xiaoyin Zhu et al. Sci Rep. 2016 Jun 28;6:28908 DOI: 10.1038/srep28908 "... chronic cerebral HYPOPERFUSION ... recognized as an etiological factor in the development of Alzheimer's disease ..." "... chronic cerebral HYPOPERFUSION can induce severe cognitive deficits ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.63 Emerging therapies for vascular dementia and vascular cognitive impairment By: Timo Erkinjuntti et al. Stroke. 2004 Apr;35(4):1010-7 DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000120731.88236.33 "... cerebrovascular disease ... [is] COMMON CAUSE[s] of dementia and cognitive decline ... cerebrovascular disease ... contributes to cognitive loss in Alzheimer disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 22.64 Associations between arterial stiffening and brain structure, perfusion, and cognition in the Whitehall II Imaging Sub-study: A retrospective cohort study By: Sana Suri et al. PLoS Med. 2020 Dec; 17(12): e1003467 Published online 2020 Dec 29 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003467 "... recent studies suggest that [Aortic stiffness is] a RISK FACTOR for cognitive decline and DEMENTIA." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "root cause, of Alzheimer's disease and dementia"↑ -------------------------------------- 23. List of equipment that provide readings of blood-flow through arteries, non-invasively, in quantitative/numerical form (see: image-1 image-2). (This list is provided for reference only and is not recommendations. It's up to a potential user to verify the suitability of any device, listed herein, and its respective manufacturer veracity of functionality claims.) 23.1 SIFULTRAS-3.34 SIFSOF https://sifsof.com/product/linear-color -------------------------------------- 23.2 MICROCONVEX/LINEAR DUAL HEAD PROBE WIFIULTRAS https://wifiultras.com/collections/color-probe/ -------------------------------------- 23.3 CLOVER WISONIC https://www.wisonic.com/en/list_26/189.html -------------------------------------- 23.4 USMART-3300 TERASON https://www.terason.com/usmart-3300/ -------------------------------------- 23.5 L5PC and L5C SONOQUE https://www.sonoque.com/?s=L5PC -------------------------------------- 23.6 CPL DUAL HEAD PREMIUM DRSONO https://drsono.com/products/3-in-1-cpl-dual-head-premium -------------------------------------- 23.7 BUTTERFLY IQ+ BUTTERFLY NETWORK https://www.butterflynetwork.com/ -------------------------------------- 23.8 C10RL or C10XL Shenzhen Viatom Technology Co. Ltd https://www.viatomcare.com/diagnostic-imaging-solution/ -------------------------------------- 23.9 C10XL KONTED https://www.kontedmed.com/products/c10xl-dual-probes-multipurpose-ultrasound/ -------------------------------------- 23.10 C10RL Oras Medical https://orasmedical.com/3-in1-ultrasound-scanner-c10rl/ -------------------------------------- 23.11 Clarius Clarius https://clarius.com Back to: "Monitoring brain blood flow can readily be accomplished nowadays"↑ -------------------------------------- 24. Clinically asymptomatic vascular brain injury: a potent cause of cognitive impairment among older individuals By: Charles DeCarli J Alzheimers Dis. 2013;33 Suppl 1(0 1):S417-26 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-2012-129004 "... various vascular risk factors continues to rise and many are UNDIAGNOSED OR UNDERTREATED ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 24.1 A preclinical phase in vascular dementia: cognitive impairment three YEARS BEFORE diagnosis By: Sari Jones et al. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2004;18(3-4):233-9 DOI: 10.1159/000080021 "... This observation suggests that circulatory disturbance is associated with cognitive problems SEVERAL YEARS BEFORE the actual vascular dementia diagnosis ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 24.2 Cerebrovascular and Alzheimer disease: fellow travelers or partners in crime? By: Antonia Nucera et al. J Neurochem. 2018 Mar;144(5):513-516: DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14283 "... vascular cognitive impairment may often go unrecognized ... and is RELATED to cognitive impairment and dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 24.3 Clinically asymptomatic vascular brain injury: a potent cause of cognitive impairment among older individuals By: Charles DeCarli J Alzheimers Dis. 2013;33 Suppl 1(0 1):S417-26 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-2012-129004 "... the prevalence of individuals with various vascular risk factors continues to rise and many are UNDIAGNOSED OR UNDERTREATED ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 24.4 Alzheimer's disease prevention: A way forward By: F Bermejo-Pareja et al. Rev Clin Esp (Barc). 2016 Dec;216(9):495-503. DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2016.05.010 "... Treatment failure is likely due to the fact that Alzheimer's disease GESTATES IN THE BRAIN FOR DECADES but manifests in old age ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 24.5 Healthy Aging and Dementia: Two Roads Diverging in Midlife? By: Katie Irwin et al. Front Aging Neurosci. 2018 Sep 19;10:275 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00275 "... MIDLIFE as a critical period for the BEGINNING OF ALZHEIMER disease-related pathology ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 24.6 Expression of the Tau Protein and Amyloid Protein Precursor Processing Genes in the CA3 Area of the Hippocampus in the Ischemic Model of Alzheimer's Disease in the Rat By: Ryszard Pluta et al. Mol Neurobiol. 2020 Feb;57(2):1281-1290 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01799-z "... susceptibility to ischemia* ... is very important to explain the neuropathology of memory loss AFTER brain ischemia* ..." *Brain Ischemia Cerebral ischemia is defined as a flow of blood to the brain that is insufficient to meet its metabolic demands, leading to loss of function and CELL DEATH. (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 24.7 Ischemic tau protein gene induction as an additional key factor driving development of Alzheimer's phenotype changes in CA1 area of hippocampus in an ischemic model of Alzheimer's disease By: Ryszard Pluta et al. Pharmacol Rep. 2018 Oct;70(5):881-884 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.03.004 "... these findings further elucidate the LONG-TERM impact of brain ischemia on Alzheimer's disease development ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 24.8 Neuropsychology of cognitive ageing, minimal cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular cognitive impairment By: Jaap Lindeboom et al. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Apr 19;490(1-3):83-6 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.02.046 "... cognitive decline IS NOT an inevitable outcome of ageing, and may well be the result of UNRECOGNISED pathology ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "lingers on silently for years"↑ -------------------------------------- 25. Quantitative Analysis of Brain CT Perfusion in Healthy Beagle Dogs: A Pilot Study By: Soyon An et al. Vet Sci. 2023 Jul; 10(7): 469. Published online 2023 Jul 18 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070469 "... In human studies, cerebral blood flow has been found DECREASE with age ... from 3.9 mL/min to 4.8 mL/min." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 26. An investigation of cerebral oxygen utilization, blood flow and cognition in healthy aging By: Sarah J Catchlove et al. PLoS One. 2018 May 22;13(5):e0197055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197055 "... cerebral blood flow was COMPARABLE between [old and young] groups ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 27. Critically attained threshold of cerebral hypoperfusion: can it cause Alzheimer's disease? By: J C de la Torre Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000 Apr;903:424-36 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06394.x "... advanced aging [could have] normal [cerebral blood flow] but POTENTIALLY [can undergo] deconstructing process that lowers cerebral blood flow in proportion to increased aging ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 27.1 Age-Related Alterations in Brain Perfusion, Venous Oxygenation, and Oxygen Metabolic Rate of Mice: A 17-Month Longitudinal MRI Study By; Zhiliang Wei et al. Front Neurol. 2020 Jun 12;11:559 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00559 "... Cerebral [blood] perfusion REMAINS relatively INTACT in aged mice, at least until 20 months of age ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "decrease with age"↑ -------------------------------------- 28. Periodontal disease's contribution to Alzheimer's disease progression in Down syndrome By: Angela R. Kamer et al. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Volume 2, Issue 1 p. 49-57 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2016.01.001 "Alzheimer's disease is a continuous process whose pathology starts YEARS BEFORE the onset of dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 28.1 "Early-onset Alzheimer's disease occurs between a person's 30s and mid-60s" National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-disease-fact-sheet -------------------------------------- 28.2 The Road Ahead to Cure Alzheimer's Disease: Development of Biological Markers and Neuroimaging Methods for Prevention Trials Across all Stages and Target Populations By: E Cavedo et al. J Prev Alzheimers Dis actions. 2014 Dec;1(3):181-202 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2014.32 "Alzheimer's disease ... biological markers, PRECEDE overt clinical symptoms by many YEARS to DECADES." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 28.3 "Alzheimer's disease begins LONG BEFORE any symptoms become apparent ... This stage of Alzheimer's can last for YEARS, possibly even DECADES." By Mayo Clinic Staff https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ alzheimers-disease/in-depth/alzheimers-stages/art-20048448 (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 28.4 Cerebral blood flow measured by arterial spin labeling MRI as a preclinical marker of Alzheimer's disease By: Christina E Wierenga et al. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-141467 "... cerebral hypoperfusion changes are present several YEARS BEFORE the development of the clinical symptoms of Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 28.5 "... brain blood flow DEFICITS are one of the EARLIEST detectable symptoms of dementia" By: Jean C.Cruz Hernandez et al. published in Nature Neuroscience (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 28.6 "cerebral blood flow ... is useful in the EARLY diagnosis of dementia" By: Niwa F, et al. Intern Med. 2016;55(24):3571-3578. Epub 2016 Dec 15 (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 28.7. ... Elderly Subjects with Subjective Cognitive Impairment By: Fumitoshi Niwa et al. Intern Med. 2016;55(24):3571-3578 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.6725 "... cerebral blood flow ... is useful in the EARLY diagnosis of dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 28.8 Cerebral blood flow changes during aging process and in cognitive disorders: A review By: Naghmeh Mokhber et al. Neuroradiol J. 2021 Aug. DOI: 10.1177/19714009211002778 "... it is possible that cerebral blood flow REDUCTION might PRECEDE cognitive decline ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 28.9 Risk factors and neurodegenerative mechanisms in stroke related dementia By: R N Kalaria Panminerva Med. 2012 Sep;54(3):139-48 "... Considerable evidence indicates that systemic vascular diseases are associated with neurodegenerative processes PRECEDING cognitive decline and dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 28.9.1 Assessing cognition and function in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials: do we have the right tools? By : Peter J Snyder et al. Alzheimers Dement. 2014 Nov;10(6):853-60 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.07.158 "... biological changes associated with Alzheimer's disease are occurring possibly SEVERAL DECADES BEFORE an individual will experience the cognitive and functional changes associated with the disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 28.9.2 Midlife interventions are critical in prevention, delay, or improvement of Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia By: Sam Gandy et al. F1000Res. 2017 Apr 3;6:413 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11140.1. eCollection 2017 "... evidence has accrued pointing to dementias as late-life clinical phenotypes THAT BEGIN AS MIDLIFE pathologies ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 28.9.3 Integrating Health Promotion Into Physical Therapy Practice to Improve Brain Health and Prevent Alzheimer Disease By: Ellen McGough et al. Neurol Phys Ther. 2017 Jul;41 Suppl 3:S55-S62 DOI: 10.1097/NPT.0000000000000181 "... Alzheimer disease is the most common cause of dementia, and brain pathology APPEARS YEARS BEFORE symptoms are evident ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 28.9.4 Dysregulation of Amyloid-Beta Protein Precursor, Beta-Secretase, Presenilin 1 and 2 Genes in the Rat Selectively Vulnerable CA1 Subfield of Hippocampus Following Transient Global Brain Ischemia By: Janusz Kocki et al. J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;47(4):1047-56 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-150299 "... Our data demonstrate that brain ischemia activates DELAYED neuronal death ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 28.9.5 Long-term trajectories of decline in cognition and daily functioning before and after stroke By: Alis Heshmatollah et al. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2021 Nov;92(11):1158-1163 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-326043 "... Patients who had a stroke have steeper declines in cognition and daily functioning up to 10 YEARS BEFORE their first-ever stroke ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 28.9.6 Midlife risk score for the prediction of dementia four decades later By: Lieza G Exalto et al. Alzheimers Dement. 2014 Sep;10(5):562-70 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.1772 "... vascular risk factors in MIDLIFE is highly predictive of the likelihood of dementia DECADES later ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "way before any symptoms of dementia manifest themselves" ↑ -------------------------------------- 29. Cerebrovascular disease in ageing and Alzheimer's disease By: Seth Love et al. Acta Neuropathol 2016 May;131(5):645-58 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1522-0 "Cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease have more in common THAN THEIR ASSOCIATION with ageing ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 29.1 Cerebral blood flow measured by arterial spin labeling MRI as a preclinical marker of Alzheimer's disease By: Christina E Wierenga et al. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-141467 "... cerebral hypoperfusion has been shown to DISTINGUISH between cognitively normal individuals, ADULTS AT RISK for Alzheimer's disease, and persons diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 29.2 Neuropsychology of cognitive ageing, minimal cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular cognitive impairment By: Jaap Lindeboom et al. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Apr 19;490(1-3):83-6 "... It may be concluded that cognitive decline IS NOT an inevitable outcome of ageing ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "regardless of the subject's age or health condition"↑ -------------------------------------- 30. Pathophysiology and treatment of cerebral ischemia S Nagahiro et al. J Med Invest. 1998 Aug;45(1-4):57-70 "... reperfusion plays an important role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia* ... however, the WINDOW of THERAPEUTIC effectiveness is very NARROW ..." *Brain Ischemia Cerebral ischemia is defined as a flow of blood to the brain that is insufficient to meet its metabolic demands, leading to loss of function and CELL DEATH. (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "unless promptly treated for the condition"↑ -------------------------------------- 31. Living beyond our physiological means: small vessel disease of the brain is an expression of a systemic failure in arteriolar function: a unifying hypothesis By: Charlie S Thompson et al. Stroke 2009 May;40(5):e322-30 DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.542266 "... small vessel disease is a systemic condition with major healthcare consequences, requiring A NEW PARADIGM in the way we PRACTICE MEDICINE ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 31.1 Alzheimer's disease: CARDIOVASCULAR risk factors MUST BE ASSESSED By: Antoine et al. Rev Med Interne. 2006 Jan;27(1):21-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2005.04.037 (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "standard patient care"↑ -------------------------------------- 32. How Treatable is Vascular Dementia? By: Etsuro Mori Brain Nerve. 2016 Apr;68(4):441-50 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416200417 "... Vascular dementia is PREVENTABLE and treatable ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 32.1 Antegrade selective cerebral perfusion ... By: Davide Pacini et al. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2007 Apr;31(4):618-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2006.12.032 "... cerebral perfusion has been demonstrated to be the best method of PROTECTION of brain ischemia* ..." *Brain Ischemia Cerebral ischemia is defined as a flow of blood to the brain that is insufficient to meet its metabolic demands, leading to loss of function and CELL DEATH. (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 32.1.1 Cerebral Blood Flow Measurements in Adults ... By: Peter J Joris et al. Nutrients. 2018 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050530 "... IMPROVING cerebrovascular function may be a key mechanism ... [and a] cornerstone [that] protects against cognitive impairments ... increases in perfusion may contribute to the beneficial effects on cognitive functioning ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 32.1.2 Role of age-related alterations of the cerebral venous circulation in the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment By: Gabor A Fulop et al. Am J Physiol Hear\t Circ Physiol. 2019 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00776.2018 "... Understanding the age-related functional and phenotypic alterations of the cerebral venous circulation is critical for developing new PREVENTIVE, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches to preserve brain health in older individuals ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 32.1.3 Treatment with the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant peptide SS-31 rescues neurovascular coupling responses and cerebrovascular endothelial function and improves cognition in aged mice By: Stefano Tarantini et al. Aging Cell. 2018 Apr. DOI: 10.1111/acel.12731. Epub 2018 Feb 6 "Moment-to-moment ADJUSTMENT of cerebral blood flow ... has an essential role in maintenance of healthy cognitive function ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back↑ -------------------------------------- 32.1.4 Pumps, aqueducts, and drought management: vascular physiology in vascular cognitive impairment By: Randolph S Marshall et al. Stroke. 2011 Jan DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.595645 "... TREATMENTS proposed to correct impaired vascular physiology may reasonably be expected to treat the cognitive dysfunction ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 32.1.5 Living beyond our physiological means: small vessel disease of the brain is an expression of a systemic failure in arteriolar function: a unifying hypothesis By: Charlie S Thompson et al. Stroke 2009 May;40(5):e322-30 DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.542266. "... this condition [small vessel disease] can be decelerated by CONTROL of vascular risk factors ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 32.1.6 Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia including Alzheimer's disease By: Heather M Snyder et al. Alzheimers Dement.2015 Jun;11(6):710-7 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.10.008 "... study, PREVENT, diagnose and treat age-associated cognitive deficits ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 32.1.7 Cerebrovascular and Alzheimer disease: fellow travelers or partners in crime? By: Antonia Nucera et al. J Neurochem. 2018 Mar;144(5):513-516 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14283. Epub 2018 Jan 25 "... because vascular risk factors are treatable, it should be possible to PREVENT or delay some dementias ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back↑ -------------------------------------- 32.1.8 Vascular Cognitive Impairment By: Martin Dichgans et al. Circ Res. 2017 Feb 3;120(3):573-591 DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308426 "... there is increasing awareness that targeting vascular risk may help to PREVENT dementia, even of the Alzheimer type ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 32.1.9 Alzheimer disease as a vascular disorder: nosological evidence By: J C de la Torre Stroke. 2002 Apr;33(4):1152-62 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000014421.15948.67 "... It is recommended that current clinical management of patients ... disease PREVENTION efforts need to be critically reassessed and placed in perspective in light of these important findings [that Alzheimer disease should be classified as a vascular disorder] ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 32.1.10 Cerebrovascular Disease and Cognitive Outcome in Patients with Cardiac Disease By: Michelle C Johansen et al. Semin Neurol. 2021 Aug;41(4):463-472 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726330 "... Alzheimer's disease leading to a heightened emphasis on disease PREVENTION through early and aggressive control of vascular risk factors." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 32.1.11 Alzheimer's disease: cardiovascular risk factors must be assessed By: Antoine et al. Rev Med Interne. 2006 Jan;27(1):21-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2005.04.037 "... cardiovascular risk factors, as a PREVENTABLE cause, either of cognitive decline, morbidity and mortality ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 32.1.12 Neurovascular pathways to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and other disorders By: Berislav V Zlokovic Nat Rev Neurosci. 2011 Nov 3;12(12):723-38 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3114 "... THERAPEUTIC opportunities relating to ... neurovascular deficits ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back↑ -------------------------------------- 32.1.13 New concepts of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases By: M V Ugriumov Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk. 2010 PMID: 20919532 "...necessity to develop preclinical diagnostics and PREVENTIVE therapy aimed at arresting or at least slowing down of the neurodegenerative process and prolongation of the preclinical stage for many years ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 32.1.14 Impact of multisession 40Hz tACS on hippocampal perfusion in patients with Alzheimer's disease By: Giulia Sprugnoli et al. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2021 Dec 20;13(1):203 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00922-4 "... INCREASE PERFUSION in critical brain areas in Alzheimer's disease patients ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 32.1.15 Vascular dementia: a diagnosis running out of time By: Robert Stewart Br J Psychiatry. 2002 Feb;180:152-6 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.180.2.152 "... modification of vascular risk represents a potentially powerful means to PREVENT dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 32.1.16 Vascular dementia, hypertension, and the brain By: C G Lis et al. Neurol Res. 1997 Oct;19(5):471-80. DOI: 10.1080/01616412.1997.11740844 "... Vascular dementias are potentially PREVENTABLE ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 32.1.17 Possibilities of Dementia Prevention - It is Never Too Early to Start By: Sandra Morovic et al. J Med Life. 2019 Oct-Dec;12(4):332-337 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2019-0088 "... large number of dementia cases are potentially PREVENTABLE by early intervention..." ... careful CONTROL of vascular risk factors can postpone the onset or even reverse disease progression ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back↑ -------------------------------------- 32.1.18 Arterial stiffness and cognitive function By: Laure Joly Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil. 2017 Mar 1;15(1):83-88 DOI: 10.1684/pnv.2017.0655 "... Arterial stiffness ... contribute to dementia pathogenesis including Alzheimer's disease the importance of early detection and MANAGEMENT ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 32.1.19 Age-dependent rescue by simvastatin of Alzheimer's disease cerebrovascular and memory deficits By: Xin-Kang Tong et al. J Neurosci. 2012 Apr 4;32(14):4705-15 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0169-12.2012 "... emphasizing the importance to properly CONTROL this deficit [cerebrovascular dysfunction] when aiming for effective therapy [of Alzheimer's disease] ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 32.1.20 Vascular dementia By: Timo Erkinjuntti et al. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2003 Jan;8(1):37-45 DOI: 10.1053/scnp.2003.50004 "... many forms of vascular cognitive impairment might be PREVENTABLE, especially with good CONTROL of vascular risk factors ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 32.1.21 Vascular Cognitive Impairment By: Martin Dichgans et al. Circ Res. 2017 Feb 3;120(3):573-591 DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308426 "... targeting vascular risk may help to PREVENT dementia, even of the Alzheimer type ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 32.1.22 Vascular Cognitive Impairment By: Martin Dichgans et al. Circ Res. 2017 Feb 3;120(3):573-591 DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308426 "... targeting vascular risk may help to PREVENT dementia, even of the Alzheimer type ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 32.1.23 Emerging therapies for vascular dementia and vascular cognitive impairment By: Timo Erkinjuntti et al. Stroke . 2004 Apr;35(4):1010-7 DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000120731.88236.33 "... CORRECTION of vascular burden on the brain may lead to a global decrease of incident dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 32.1.24 Occipital transcranial direct current stimulation in episodic migraine patients: effect on cerebral perfusion By: Heiko Pohl et al. Sci Rep. 2023; 13: 13944. Published online 2023 Aug 25 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39659-5 "... PERFUSION studies allow for the MONITORING of disease activity AND TREATMENT response ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "correct the condition of cerebral hypo-perfusion"↑ -------------------------------------- 32.2 MRS shows abnormalities before symptoms in familial Alzheimer disease By: A K Godbolt et al. Neurology. 2006 Mar 14;66(5):718-22. DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000201237.05869.df "... Pathologic change in Alzheimer disease begins some YEARS BEFORE symptoms ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 33. Midlife risk score for the prediction of dementia FOUR DECADES later By: Lieza G Exalto et al. Alzheimers Dement. 2014 Sep;10(5):562-70 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.1772 "... vascular risk factors in MIDLIFE is highly predictive of the likelihood of dementia DECADES later ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 34. Is late-onset Alzheimer's disease really a disease of midlife? By: Karen Ritchie et al. Alzheimers Dement (NY). 2015 Jul 26;1(2):122-130 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2015.06.004 "Increasing evidence suggests that Alzheimer's disease may begin DECADES before evidence of dementia, indicating that it may be a disorder of midlife rather than old age." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 35. Midlife vascular risk factors and their association with dementia ... By: Bjorn Heine Strand et al. J Neurol Sci. 2013 Jan 15;324(1-2):124-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.10.018 "There is growing evidence that MIDLIFE risk factors for vascular disease also are risk factors for dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 36. Alzheimer's disease By: Vanessa J De-Paula et al. Subcell Biochem. 2012;65:329-52 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5416-4_14 "... recent evidence indicate that [pre-symptomatic (or pre-clinical) Alzheimer's disease] may be observed in some subjects as early as in the THIRD OR FOURTH DECADES OF LIFE ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 37. Senile dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Brain blood flow and metabolism By: S Hoyer Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1986;10(3-5):447-78 DOI: 10.1016/0278-5846(86)90018-7 "... Blood flow ... of the normally aged brain maintained unchanged from the 3RD TO THE 7TH DECADE OF LIFE. ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 38. Prevalence of cerebral amyloid pathology in persons without dementia: a meta-analysis By: Willemijn J Jansen et al. JAMA. 2015 May 19;313(19):1924-38 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2015.4668 ... "These findings suggest a 20- TO 30-YEAR INTERVAL between first development of amyloid positivity and onset of dementia." ... (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 38.1 Cerebral blood flow measured by arterial spin labeling MRI as a preclinical marker of Alzheimer's disease By: Christina E Wierenga et al. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-141467 "... cerebral hypoperfusion may even be sensitive for PREDICTING cognitive decline and conversion to mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease over time ...." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 38.2 "Boomerang Neuropathology" of Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease is Shrouded in Harmful "BDDS": Breathing, Diet, Drinking, and Sleep During Aging By: Mak Adam Daulatzai DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9528-x "Brain damage begins YEARS BEFORE substantial neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's dementia." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 38.3 Pharmacotherapy for Vascular Cognitive Impairment By: Muhammad U Farooq et al. CNS Drugs. 2017 Sep;31(9):759-776 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-017-0459-3 "... cardiovascular risk factors have been linked to both Alzheimer's disease and Vascular cognitive impairment and potentially can affect cognitive function in MID AND LATER LIFE ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "Alzheimer's disease and dementia, at a much later age."↑ -------------------------------------- 39. Brain temperature: from physiology and pharmacology to neuropathology By: Eugene A Kiyatkin Handb Clin Neurol. 2018;157:483-504 DOI: 10.1016 B978-0-444-64074-1.00030-6 "... HYPERTHERMIA can reach pathologic levels, resulting in IRREVERSIBLE DAMAGE of brain cells ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 39.1 BRAIN TEMPERATURE and CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW imaging in patients with severe subarachnoid hemorrhage: report of two cases By: Yasunari Otawara et al. Surg Neurol. 2003 Dec;60(6):549-52; discussion 552 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-3019(03)00293-3 "... TEMPERATURE reversal ... causing IRREVERSIBLE brain damage ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "damage to brain-cells"↑ -------------------------------------- 40. Brain temperature and cerebral blood flow imaging in patients with severe subarachnoid hemorrhage: report of two cases By: Yasunari Otawara et al. Surg Neurol. 2003 Dec;60(6):549-52; discussion 552 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-3019(03)00293-3 "... absence of brain perfusion ... causing IRREVERSIBLE brain damage ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 40.1 Associations between cerebral blood flow and rogression of white matter hyperintensity in ommunity-dwelling adults: a longitudinal cohort study By: Hualu Han et al. aluQuant Imaging Med Surg 2022 Aug;12(8):4151-4165 DOI: 10.21037/qims-22-141 " ...[brain] ischemic* is characterized by a DECLINE in cerebral blood flow ..." (emph. added j.t.) *Brain Ischemia Cerebral ischemia is defined as a flow of blood to the brain that is insufficient to meet its metabolic demands, leading to loss of function and CELL DEATH. -------------------------------------- 40.2 A FACED lift for cerebral blood flow imaging By: Bruno Weber et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022 Jul 8;119(28):e2207474119 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2207474119 "Disruptions in [cerebral blood flow] supply of just a few minutes cause IRREVERSIBLE damage to brain cells ..." (emph. added j.t.) ------------------------ 40.3 Targeting TDP-43 Pathology Alleviates Cognitive and Motor Deficits Caused by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion By: Sai Sampath Thammisetty et al. Neurotherapeutics 2021 Mar 30;18(2):1095-1112 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01015-8 "... hypoperfusion causes neuronal DAMAGE ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "damaged permanently"↑ -------------------------------------- 41. Astroglial and Cognitive Effects of CHRONIC Cerebral Hypoperfusion in the Rat By: Evelin Vicente et al. Brain Res. 2009 Jan 28;1251:204-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.11.032 "significant reduction of cerebral blood flow (hypoperfusion) in rats ... constitutes a well established experimental model to investigate neuronal damage and cognitive impairment that occurs in human ageing and Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 42. From CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion to Alzheimer-like brain pathology and neurodegeneration By: Yang Zhao et al. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2015 Jan DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0127-9 "Recent studies have revealed an important role of CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion in neurodegeneration and dementia, including vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 43. ... CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion-related neurodegenerative diseases ... By: Eszter Farkas et al. Brain Res Rev 2007 Apr;54(1):162-80 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.01.003 "... the pattern of cerebral blood flow in mild cognitive impairment has emerged as a predictive marker for the progression into Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 44. ... Aged Rats Subjected to CHRONIC Cerebral Hypoperfusion By: Amanda Santiago et al. Neuropharmacology 2018 Aug;138:360-370 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.06.019 "CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion has been associated with aging-related vascular dementia, including Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 45. CHRONIC brain hypoperfusion: a key mechanism leading to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia By: Jessica Duncombe et al. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017 Sep 28;131(19):2451-2468 DOI: 10.1042/CS20160727 "... it appears that cerebral hypoperfusion is the common underlying pathophysiological mechanism which is a major contributor to cognitive decline and degenerative processes leading to dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 46. CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion alters Beta Amyloid peptide pools leading to cerebral amyloid ... By: Natalia Salvadores et al. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017 Jul 24;131(16):2109-2123 DOI: 10.1042/CS20170962 "Cerebral hypoperfusion is an early feature of Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 47. The role of CHRONIC brain hypoperfusion in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease--facts and hypotheses By: Denes Zadori et al. Ideggyogy Sz. 2007 Nov 30;60(11-12):428-37 "... [brain] hypoperfusion leads to the degeneration of capillaries ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 48. The impact of cerebrovascular aging on vascular cognitive impairment and dementia By: Tuo Yang et al. Ageing Res Rev. 2017 Mar;34:15-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.007 "... One of the major of types of cognitive dysfunction due to CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion is vascular cognitive impairment and dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 49. CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion alters Beta Amyloid peptide pools leading to cerebral amyloid ... By: Natalia Salvadores et al. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017 Jul 24;131(16):2109-2123 DOI: 10.1042/CS20170962 "We suggest that in response to hypoperfusion, increased beta amyloid production/deposition ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 50. Neurovascular coupling preserved in a CHRONIC mouse model of Alzheimer's disease ... By: Paul S Sharp et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2020 Nov. DOI: 10.1177/0271678X19890830 "... impaired neurovascular coupling has been suggested as an early pathogenic factor in Alzheimer's disease, which could serve as an early biomarker of cerebral pathology ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 51. Are Major Dementias Triggered by Poor Blood Flow to the Brain? By: Jack C de la Torre J Alzheimers Dis. 2017 57 (2), 353-371 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-161266 "There is growing evidence that CHRONIC brain hypoperfusion plays a central role in the development of Alzheimer's disease long before dyscognitive symptoms or amyloid accumulation in the brain appear ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 52. ... CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion ... By: Xiao-Li He et al. Brain Res. 2009 Jan 16;1249:212-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.10.005 "... cognitive and motor ability impaired by CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 53. Cerebral perfusion changes in CHRONIC subdural hematoma Philipp Jorg Slotty et al. J Neurotrauma. 2013 Mar 1;30(5):347-51 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2012.2644 "... Neurologic deficits are likely induced by borderline perfusion ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 54. ... white matter injury in aged rats subjected to CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion By: Amanda Santiago et al. Neuropharmacology. 2018 Aug;138:360-370 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.06.019 "CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion has been associated with aging-related vascular dementia, including Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 55. Molecular Mechanisms of Vascular Dementia: What Can Be Learned from Animal Models of CRONIC Cerebral Hypoperfusion? By: Si-Qi Du et al. Mol Neurobiol. 2017 Jul;54(5):3670-3682 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9915-1 "... Numerous studies have demonstrated that CRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion is associated with the initiation and progression of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 56. CRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion: a key mechanism leading to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia ... By: Jessica Duncombe et al. Clin Sci (Lond). 2017 Sep 28;131(19):2451-2468 DOI: 10.1042/CS20160727 Print 2017 Oct 1 "Increasing evidence suggests that vascular risk factors contribute to neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment and dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 57. ... Cerebral CRONIC Hypoperfusion ... By: Jing Huang et al. Biomed Res Int. 2018 Feb 26;2018:2321797 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2321797 "... dysfunction due to cerebral chronic hypoperfusion contributed to white matter lesion ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 58. ... learning impairments in CRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion ... By: C Yang et al. Transl Psychiatry. 2017 Jul 18;7(7):e1174 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.121 "CRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion is a major factor contributing to neurological disorders and cognitive decline ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 59. ... Cognitive Dysfunction following CHRONIC Cerebral Hypoperfusion By: Zhao-Hui Yao et al. Curr Neurovasc Res.2017;14(4):385-396 DOI: 10.2174/1567202614666171101115308 "CHRONIC Cerebral Hypoperfusion is an important vascular risk factor for vascular-related dementia cognitive impairment ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 60. CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion induces long-lasting cognitive deficits accompanied by long-term hippocampal silent synapses increase in rats By: Zhiqiang Wang et al. Behav Brain Res. 2016 Mar 15;301:243-52 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.12.047 "... cognitive deficits induced by CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 61. ... Cognition Dysfunction and Synaptic Plasticity after CHRONIC Cerebral Hypoperfusion By: Zhao-Hui Yao et al. Neural Plast. 2019 Feb 24;2019:2158285 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2158285 "CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion is a common pathophysiological mechanism that underlies cognitive decline and degenerative processes in dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 62. ... Cognition Dysfunction and Synaptic Plasticity after CHRONIC Cerebral Hypoperfusion By: Zhao-Hui Yao et al. Neural Plast. 2019 Feb 24;2019:2158285 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2158285 "CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion is a common pathophysiological mechanism that underlies cognitive decline and degenerative processes in dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 63. CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion inhibits calcium-induced long-term potentiation in rats By: L H Sekhon et al. Stroke. 1997 May;28(5):1043-7; discussion 1047-8 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.28.5.1043 "... cellular alteration caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion ... changes induced in neuronal function by CHRONIC noninfarctional reductions in cerebral blood flow ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 64. ... CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion-induced hippocampal neuronal damage ... By: Da-Peng Wang et al. Acta Histochem. 2020 Apr;122(3):151514 DOI : 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151514 "... CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion -induced neuronal damage ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 65. CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion enhances Tau hyperphosphorylation and reduces autophagy in Alzheimer's disease mice By: Lifeng Qiu et al. Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 6;6:23964 DOI: 10.1038/srep23964 "Cerebral hypoperfusion ... [have] been identified as being associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 66. ... neuronal damage in a rat model of CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion By: Tomohisa Yamamoto et al. J Anesth. 2018 Apr;32(2):182-188 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-018-2458-z "... cognitive dysfunction is likely to occur in elderly people, who often suffer from cerebral hypoperfusion ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 67. Acceleration of NLRP3 inflammasome by CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion in Alzheimer's disease model mouse By: Jingwei Shang et al. Neurosci Res. 2019 Jun;143:61-70 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.06.002 "The present study demonstrated that CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion strongly enhanced primary Alzheimer's disease pathology including neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta accumulations and neurovascular unit dissociation in Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 68. CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion induced by bilateral carotid artery stenosis causes selective recognition impairment in adult mice By: Arati Patel et al. Neurol Res. 2017 Oct;39(10):910-917 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1355423 "CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion can result in vascular dementia and small vessel white matter ischemic* injury ..." *Brain Ischemia Cerebral ischemia is defined as a flow of blood to the brain that is insufficient to meet its metabolic demands, leading to loss of function and CELL DEATH. (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 69. ... cognitive impairment in a mouse CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion model By: Masashi Kakae et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2019 Jul 5;514(4):1040-1044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.055 "... cognitive impairment induced by CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 70. ... Cognitive Impairment in CHRONIC Cerebral Hypoperfusion ... By: Jihye Bang et al. Nutrients. 2019 Nov 13;11(11):2755 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112755 "CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion causes cognitive impairment and neurogenic inflammation BY reducing blood flow ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 71. ... cognitive impairments after CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion in rats By: Li-Ye Wang et al. J Ethnopharmacol.2019 Jun 28;238:111846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111846 "... cognitive impairment induced by CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 72. CHRONIC Cerebral Hypoperfusion Induced Synaptic Proteome Changes in the rat Cerebral Cortex By: Katalin Völgyi et al. Mol Neurobiol. 2018 May;55(5):4253-4266 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0641-0 "CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion evokes mild cognitive impairment and contributes to the progression of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 73. CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion alters amyloid-beta peptide pools leading to cerebral amyloid angiopathy, microinfarcts and haemorrhages in Tg-SwDI mice By: Natalia Salvadores et al. Clin Sci (Lond). 2017 Jul 24;131(16):2109-2123 DOI: 10.1042/CS20170962 "Cerebral hypoperfusion is an early feature of Alzheimer's disease that influences the progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 74. From CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion to Alzheimer-like brain pathology and neurodegeneration By: Yang Zhao et al. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2015 Jan;35(1):101-10 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0127-9 "Recent studies have revealed an important role of CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion in neurodegeneration and dementia, including vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 75. CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion-induced memory impairment and hippocampal long-term potentiation deficits ... By: Thenmoly Damodaran et al. Pharmacol Rep. 2019 Jun;71(3):443-448 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.01.012 "... CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion induced cognitive deficits [and] could be an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of vascular dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 76. CHRONIC Cerebral Hypoperfusion Promotes Amyloid-Beta Pathogenesis ... By: Zhiyou Cai et al. Neurochem Res. 2017 Dec;42(12):3446-3455 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2391-9 "... cerebral hypoperfusion which promotes amyloid-beta pathogenesis ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 77. ... CHRONIC Cerebral Hypoperfusion ... By: Li-Juan Li et al. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2020 Jul;51(4):480-487 DOI: 10.12182/20200760104 "... cognition deterioration induced by CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 78. CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion ... By: Takuya Shimada et al. Neurosci Lett. 2019 Jun 21;704:133-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.04.009 "... increasing evidence has revealed that vascular risk factors influence the midlife development of Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 79. ... CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion ... By: Yu Takahashi et al. Neuroreport. 2020 Jan 27;31(2):148-155 DOI: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000001391 "... CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion is associated with white matter lesions and risk of dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 80. CHRONIC Cerebral Hypoperfusion ... Complement Cascades in Alzheimer's Disease ... By: Xiaowen Shi et al. Neuroscience 2019 Sep 15;416:126-136 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.07.050 "... Alzheimer's disease in the elderly is frequently accompanied by CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion ... and accelerates the Alzheimer's disease pathology ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 81. ... CHRONIC Cerebral Hypoperfusion ... By: Dryelle L R Severiano et al. Neuroscience 2020 Feb 1;426:1-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.014 "... Vascular dementia is a major cognitive disorder originated from a blood flow disruption in the brain ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 82. The effect of CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion on the pathology of Alzheimer's disease ..." By: Jae-Hyung Park et al. Sci Rep. 2019 Oct 1;9(1):14102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50681-4 "... CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion can induce Alzheimer's disease pathology and may play a significant role in Alzheimer's disease development ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 83. ... Cognitive Impairment Induced by CHRONIC Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Rats By: Chen Fang et al. Mol Neurobiol. 2017 Dec;54(10):8370-8385 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0268-6 "... cognitive impairment induced by CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 84. ... cognitive function in a rat model of CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion By: Lei Zhang et al. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2013 Feb;103(4):693-700 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.12.023 "... cognitive impairments induced by CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 84.1 The role of CHRONIC brain hypoperfusion in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease--facts and hypotheses By: Denes Zadori et al. Ideggyogy Sz. 2007 Nov 30;60(11-12):428-37 PMID: 18198789 "... CHRONIC ... hypoperfusion ... and the resulting hypometabolism ... leads to the degeneration of capillaries in ... the watershed areas of the brain ... causing the deterioration of diffusion. The further reduction of nutrient and oxygen support of neurons is capable to INITIATE a neurodegenerative process ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 84.2 ... hypoperfused brain ... primary target for the development of Alzheimer's disease By: Ali Aliyev et al. J Neurol Sci. 2005 Mar 15;229-230:285-92 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2004.11.040 "... The pathogenesis, which is primarily RESPONSIBLE for Alzheimer's disease ... seems to involve CHRONIC hypoperfusion ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 84.3 The impact of cerebrovascular aging on vascular cognitive impairment and dementia By: Tuo Yang et al. Ageing Res Rev. 2017 Mar DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.007 ".... One of the major of types of cognitive dysfunction due to CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion is vascular cognitive impairment and dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 84.4 The impact of cerebrovascular aging on vascular cognitive impairment and dementia By: Tuo Yang et al. Ageing Res Rev. 2017 Mar;34:15-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.00 "... One of the major of types of cognitive dysfunction due to CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion is vascular cognitive impairment and dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 84.5 The pathological and clinical consequences of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion By: S Horvath Orv Hetil. 2001 Feb 18;142(7):323-9 PMID: 11243013 "... Cerebral hypoperfusion is verifiable in patients ... in diseases characterised by mild or serious cognitive impairment ... This review gives a summary of ... clinical consequences of CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion, and the role of that in evolution and persistence of cognitive disturbances ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 84.6 The role of chronic brain hypoperfusion in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease--facts and hypotheses By: Denes Zadori et al. Ideggyogy Sz. 2007 Nov 30;60(11-12):428-37 "... cardiovascular risk factors can precipitate CHRONIC brain hypoperfusion ..." (emph. addd j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 84.7 Alzheimer's disease: cardiovascular risk factors must be assessed By: Antoine et al. Rev Med Interne. 2006 Jan;27(1):21-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2005.04.037 "... alteration of arterial walls, inducing CHRONIC brain hypoperfusion, as the PRIMARY TRIGGER in the physiopathology of the [Alzheimer's] disease ..." (emph. addd j.t.) -------------------------------------- 84.8 Chronic mild cerebrovascular dysfunction as a cause for Alzheimer's disease? By: Christian Humpel Exp Gerontol. 2011 Apr;46(4):225-32 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.11.032 "... This review proposes the hypothesis that a CHRONIC mild longlasting cerebrovascular dysfunction could INITIATE a cascade of events LEADING to Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. addd j.t.) -------------------------------------- 84.9 Is Alzheimer's disease a neurodegenerative or a vascular disorder? Data, dogma, and dialectics By: Jack C de la Torre Lancet Neurol. 2004 Mar;3(3):184-90 DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(04)00683-0 "... The consensus of these studies indicates that CHRONIC brain hypoperfusion is linked to Alzheimer's disease risk factors ..." (emph. addd j.t.) -------------------------------------- 84.10 Oxiracetam can improve cognitive impairment after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats By: Xiao-Li Yao et al. Psychiatry Res. 2016 Dec 30;246:284-292 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.006 "Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induces cognitive deficits ..." -------------------------------------- 84.11 Cardiac disorders and cognitive impairment in patients with CHRONIC cerebral ischemia By: E G Semushkina et al. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2013;113(2):9-13 "... atherosclerosis of brain vessels ... predicted cognitive impairment in patients with chronic brain ischemia. Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction was the main cardiac factor DETERMINING THE SEVERITY of cognitive disturbances." (emph. addd j.t.) Back ↑ 84.12 Alzheimer's associated amyloid and tau deposition co-localizes with a homeostatic myelin repair pathway in two mouse models of post-stroke mixed dementia By: Thuy-Vi V Nguyen et al. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2018 Sep 24;6(1):100 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0603-4 "... The goal of this study was to determine the CHRONIC impact of stroke on the manifestation of Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. addd j.t.) -------------------------------------- 84.13 Cardiac disorders and cognitive impairment in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia By: E G Semushkina et al. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2013;113(2):9-13 "... atherosclerosis of brain vessels ... predicted cognitive impairmentin patients with CHRONIC brain ischemia* ..." *Brain Ischemia Cerebral ischemia is defined as a flow of blood to the brain that is insufficient to meet its metabolic demands, leading to loss of function and CELL DEATH. (emph. addd j.t.) -------------------------------------- 84.14 Betaine reverses the memory impairments in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rat model By: Chunjie Nie et al. Neurosci Lett. 2016 Feb 26;615:9-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.11.019 "... The CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion had been widely found in vascular dementia patients and is thought to be the key reason for cognitive impairment ..." (emph. addd j.t.) -------------------------------------- 84.15 (-)-SCR1693 Protects against Memory Impairment and Hippocampal Damage in a Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Rat Model By: Xiaoyin Zhu et al. Sci Rep. 2016 Jun 28;6:28908 DOI: 10.1038/srep28908 "... CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion ... recognized as an etiological factor in the development of Alzheimer's disease ..." "... CHRONIC cerebral hypoperfusion can induce severe cognitive deficits ..." (emph. addd j.t.) Back to: "condition becomes chronic"↑ -------------------------------------- 85. blood pressure reduction in hypertensive acute ischemic* stroke patients DOES NOT affect cerebral blood flow By: Mahesh Kate et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2019 Sep. DOI: 10.1177/0271678X18774708. "Antihypertensive therapy, based on presenting BLOOD PRESSURE, in acute stroke patients WAS NOT ASSOCIATED with an increased volume of total [CEREBRAL] hypoperfused tissue." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 86. Treatment of dementia By: K Blom et al. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2017;161:D1851 "... Interventions towards cardiovascular risk factors DO NOT slow down cognitive decline ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 87. Vascular risk factors for incident Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia ... By: Kathleen M Hayden et al. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. Apr-Jun 2006;20(2):93-100 DOI: 10.1097/01.wad.0000213814.43047.86 "... NO ASSOCIATION between ... history of HYPERTENSION and high cholesterol and ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 88. Heart diseases and long-term risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease ... By: Minna Rusanen et al. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;42(1):183-91. DOI: 10.3233/JAD-132363 "... atrial fibrillation in late-life was an INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR FOR DEMENTIA ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 88.1 Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Diabetes in Alzheimer's Disease, Vascular Dementia, and Mixed Dementia: Prevalence and Presentation By: Javanshiri, Keivan et al. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 1247-1258, 2018 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-180644 "Alzheimer's disease exhibit such different profiles of .... hypertension ... that clearly point toward DIFFERENT PATHOGENIC origin with LOW LIKELIHOOD OF SHARED RISK factors." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 88.2 Blood pressure lowering in patients without prior cerebrovascular disease for prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia By: Bernadette McGuinness et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Oct 7;2009(4):CD004034 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004034.pub3 "... There is NO CONVINCING EVIDENCE from the trials identified that blood pressure lowering in late-life PREVENTS the development of dementia or cognitive impairment ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 88.3 Are cognitive function and blood pressure related? By: M Viitanen et al. Drugs Aging. 1997 Sep;11(3):165-9 DOI:10.2165/00002512-199711030-00001 "... The relationship between blood pressure and cognition may be MORE COMPLICATED ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 88.4 Cerebrovascular Perfusion among Older Adults with and Without Cardiovascular Disease By: Bindal Makwana et al. J Neuroimaging. 2020 Nov;30(6):851-856 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12757. Epub 2020 Jul 10 "... findings suggest that the effects of mild cardiovascular disease on cerebrovascular perfusion are MINIMAL..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 88.5 Regulation of cerebral blood flow in humans: physiology and clinical implications of autoregulation By: Jurgen A. H. R. Claassen et al. Physiol Rev. 2021 Oct 1; 101(4): 1487-1559 Published online 2021 Mar 26 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2020 "... treatment to lower BLOOD PRESSURE is NOT ASSOCIATED with reductions in CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 88.6 Different relationship between systolic blood pressure and cerebral perfusion in subjects with and without By: Lidia Glodzik et al. Hypertension. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 23 Published in final edited form as: Hypertension 2019 Jan;73(1):197-205 DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11233 "... It is NOT KNOWN what BLOOD PRESSURE level ... is optimal for BRAIN PERFUSION... despite our growing understanding of the RELATIONSHIP between blood pressure and cerebral blood flow there are important unanswered QUESTIONS ... it is UNKNOWN if prehypertension IS RELATED to impaired cerebral blood flow ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 88.7 Perfusion of the human brain: a matter of interactions By: Johannes J van Lieshout et al. J Physiol 2003 Sep 1;551(Pt 2):402 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.050609 "CEREBRAL blood flow tends to remain CONSTANT over a range of systemic BLOOD PRESSURES ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 88.8 Genetic, vascular and amyloid components of cerebral blood flow in a preclinical population By: Beatriz E Padrela et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023 May 26;43(10):1726-1736 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X231178993 "... CEREBRAL blood flow was NOT ASSOCIATED with CARDIOVASCULAR risk scores ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "blood pressure is not necessarily indicative of cerebral blood"↑ -------------------------------------- 89. "About 1 in 4 seniors age 85+ have been diagnosed with dementia" The Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) https://www.cihi.ca/en/about-cihi -------------------------------------- 89.1 Periodontal disease's contribution to Alzheimer's disease progression in Down syndrome By: Angela R. Kamer et al. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Volume 2, Issue 1 p. 49-57 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2016.01.001 ... Eleven percent of people older than 65 and 33% of those >85 have Alzheimer's disease ... -------------------------------------- 89.2 "The percentage of people with Alzheimer's dementia increases with age: 5.3% of people age 65 to 74, 13.8% of people age 75 to 84, and 34.6% of people age 85." 2021 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures DOI/10.1002/alz.12328 -------------------------------------- 89.3 Mild cognitive impairment: potential pharmacological treatment options By: B B Sherwin J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000 Apr;48(4):431-41 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb04703.x "... It is estimated that up to 38% of the middle-aged and older population fulfill diagnostic criteria for [cognitive impairment and memory impairment] condition ..." Back to: "Percentage-wise"↑ -------------------------------------- 90 Neuropsychology of cognitive ageing, minimal cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular cognitive impairment By: Jaap Lindeboom et al. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Apr 19;490(1-3):83-6 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.02.046 "... It may be concluded that cognitive decline IS NOT an inevitable outcome of ageing ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 90.1 Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia including Alzheimer's disease By: Heather M Snyder et al. Alzheimers Dement.2015 Jun;11(6):710-7 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.10.008 "... Recent research has yielded evidence that the borders between development [of neurodegenerative disease] and AGING sometimes can be FUZZY ... factors known to affect brain and cognition in aging will often do so through a LIFE-LONG accumulation of impact, and DOES NOT need to be specific to aging ... LIFESPAN rather than aging, and multidimensional systems-vulnerability rather than simple "hypothetical biomarker" model of age-associated cognitive decline and dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 90.2 Predicting Factors in Identifying Cognitive Decline among Thai Adults By: Jongiate Youngsakul et al. J Med Assoc Thai. 2017 Mar. "... The incidence of cognitive decline among Thai WORKING AGED ADULT was 8.1% ... The AVERAGE AGE of subjects was 42.93±10.8 years (RANGE 21 TO 61 YEARS) ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 90.3 The importance of cognitive aging for understanding dementia By: Archana Singh-Manoux et al. Age (Dordr). 2010 Dec;32(4):509-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-010-9147-7 "... decline in various cognitive functions FROM ADULTHOOD to old age ... dementia assessed ... STARTING EARLIER in the life ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 90.4 Gene Therapy, A Novel Therapeutic Tool for Neurological Disorders: Current Progress, Challenges and Future Prospective By: Ashif Iqubal et al. Curr Gene Ther. 2020;20(3):184-194 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220999200716111502 "... ALL AGED POPULATIONS are susceptible to one or other neurological problems with symptoms of ... neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 90.5 Stroke in teenager's By: J Alvarez-Sabin Rev Neurol. 1997 Jun;25(142):919-23 "... between 3.7% and 8.5% of all strokes occur BEFORE the age of 45 years old. In the population UNDER 15 years of age, the annual incidence of strokes is 2.7 per 100,000 children ... (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 90.6 Cerebral ischemia in the developing brain By: Robert M Dietz et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2022 Oct;42(10):1777-1796 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X221111600 "... brain ischemia* affects ALL AGES, from neonates to the elderly population ..." *Brain Ischemia Cerebral ischemia is defined as a flow of blood to the brain that is insufficient to meet its metabolic demands, leading to loss of function and CELL DEATH. (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 90.7 Blood-brain barrier and innate immunity in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease By: Goran Simic et al. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2019;168:99-145 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.06.003 "... amyloid and tau proteins in the brain are thought to begin 10-20 years BEFORE the onset of overt symptoms ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 90.8 Alzheimer's disease: role of aging in pathogenesis By: Denham Harman Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Apr;959:384-95; discussion 463-5 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02109.x "... Dementia ONSET is around 40 years for Down syndrome, 40-60 years for familial Alzheimer's disease, and usually over 60 years for sporadic Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 90.9 Is sporadic Alzheimer's disease a developmental disorder? By: Thomas Arendt et al. J Neurochem. 2017 Nov;143(4):396-408 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14036 "... Alzheimer's disease ... preceded by a long clinically silent phase of at least several decades that might perhaps even start VERY EARLY in life ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 90.10 Measuring resting cerebral haemodynamics using MRI arterial spin labelling and transcranial Doppler ultrasound: Comparison in younger and older adults By: Claire V Burley ey al. Brain Behav. 2021 May 25;11(7):e02126 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2126 "... CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW MEASURES... provide complementary information in OLDER AND YOUNGER, fit and unfit cohorts." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 90.11 The Brain in Congenital Heart Disease across the Lifespan: The Cumulative Burden of Injury By: Ariane Marelli et al. Circulation Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jul 20 Published in final edited form as: Circulation 2016 May 17;133(20):1951-1962 DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.019881 "... [research] has largely been focused on neurodevelopmental outcomes in CHILDHOOD and ADOLESCENCE ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "study should comprise subjects of all age groups"↑ -------------------------------------- 91. Cerebral blood flow changes during aging process and in cognitive disorders: A review By: Naghmeh Mokhber et al. Neuroradiol J. 2021 Aug. DOI: 10.1177/19714009211002778 "... There is promising evidence regarding the utility of cerebral blood flow studies in cognition research ..." -------------------------------------- 91.1 Vascular cognitive impairment, dementia, aging and energy demand. A vicious cycle By: A Popa-Wagner et al. J Neural Transm (Vienna)2015 Aug;122 Suppl 1:S47-54 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-1129-3 "... cognitive health depends on cerebrovascular health ..." -------------------------------------- 91.2 Functional vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: mechanisms and consequences of cerebral autoregulatory dysfunction, endothelial impairment, and neurovascular uncoupling in aging By: Peter Toth et al. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2017 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00581.2016 "... MAINTENANCE of cerebral perfusion ... [is a] prerequisite[s] for the prevention of cerebral ischemia* and neuronal dysfunction ..." *Brain Ischemia Cerebral ischemia is defined as a flow of blood to the brain that is insufficient to meet its metabolic demands, leading to loss of function and CELL DEATH. (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 91.3 ...neurovascular coupling responses and cognitive performance ... By: Stefano Tarantini et al. Geroscience. 2019 Oct. DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00101-2 "... Adjustment of cerebral blood flow ... plays an IMPORTANT role in the MAINTENANCE of healthy cognitive function ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 91.4 Regional Hypoperfusion Predicts Decline in Everyday Functioning at Three-Year Follow-Up in Older Adults without Dementia By: Danielle L Sanchez et al. J Alzheimers Dis.2020;77(3):1291-1304 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-200490 "... cerebral blood flow HAS UTILITY as a biomarker in PREDICTING functional declines in everyday life and conversion to dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 91.5 The close link between brain vascular pathological conditions and neurodegenerative diseases: Focus on some examples and potential treatments By: Giuseppe Schiro et al. Vascul Pharmacol. 2022 Feb;142:106951. DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106951 "... vascular alterations are also observed in cognitively unimpaired subjects ..." Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 91.6 Mitochondria as a primary target for vascular hypoperfusion and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease By: Gjumrakch Aliev et al. Mitochondrion. 2004 Sep;4(5-6):649-63 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2004.07.018 "... hypoperfusion ... leads to NEURONAL DEATH which manifests as cognitive impairment and the development of brain pathology as in Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 91.7 Impaired neurovascular coupling in AGING and Alzheimer's disease: contribution of astrocyte dysfunction and endothelial impairment to cognitive decline By: Stefano Tarantini et al. Exp Gerontol. 2017 Aug. DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.11.004 "... the picture emerges of a complex functional impairment of cerebral microvessels and astrocytes, which likely contribute to neurovascular dysfunction and cognitive decline ..." -------------------------------------- 91.8 The role of chronic brain hypoperfusion in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease--facts and hypotheses By: Denes Zadori et al. Ideggyogy Sz. 2007 Nov 30;60(11-12):428-37 "... development of hypoperfusion and its consequences ... neurodegenerative process of the neuronal system ..." -------------------------------------- 91.9 Altered brain perfusion and oxygen levels relate to sleepiness and attention in post-COVID syndrome By: Claudia Chien et al. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2024 Aug; 11(8): 2016-2029 Published online 2024 Jun 14 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52121 "... BLOOD PERFUSION may ... mediate brain vascular DAMAGE ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 91.10 Novel imaging markers for altered cerebrovascular morphology in aging, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease By: Aditi Deshpande et al. J Neuroimaging. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 1 Published in final edited form as: J Neuroimaging 2022 Jul 15;32(5):956-967 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13023 "... quantitative comparisons demonstrate the potential for USING VASCULAR MORPHOLOGY as a non-invasive imaging biomarker for neurologic disorders ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ 91.11 On the normalization of cerebral blood flow By: Romain Guibert et al. LETTER J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013 Mar 13;33(5):669-672 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.39 "Cerebral blood flow is the MOST COMMON parameter for the quantification of brain's function." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 91.12 Noninvasive noncontact speckle contrast diffuse correlation tomography of cerebral blood flow in rats By: Chong Huang et al. Neuroimage Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Feb 12 Published in final edited form as: Neuroimage. 2019 May 18;198:160-169 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.047 "CONTINUOUS and longitudinal MONITORING of variations is CRUCIAL for understanding pathological mechanisms and developing medical INTERVENTIONS for a variety of neurological and CEREBRAL DISEASES." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 91.13 CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW PREDICTS multiple demand network activity and fluid intelligence across the adult lifespan By: Shuyi Wu et al. Shuyi Neurobiol Aging Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 14 Published in final edited form as: Neurobiol Aging 2022 Sep 22;121:1-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.09.006 (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 91.14 A brain stress test: Cerebral perfusion during memory encoding in mild cognitive impairment By: Long Xie et al. Neuroimage Clin 2016 Mar 2;11:388-397 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.03.002 "A growing body of literature suggests that regional CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW is ALTERED in neurodegenerative diseases." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 91.15 Early Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging of CEREBRAL PERFUSION CORRELATES with Ischemic Stroke outcomes and responses to treatment in Mice By: Vincent Hingot et al. Theranostics 2020 Jun 12;10(17):7480-7491 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44233 "... advanced imaging-based approaches would be able to BETTER DIAGNOSE and prognose those patients [of ischemic cerebral injury] and would contribute to better clinical care ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back↑ -------------------------------------- 91.16 Ketogenic diet enhances neurovascular function with altered gut microbiome in young healthy mice By: David Ma et al. Sci Rep 2018 Apr 27;8:6670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25190-5 "... cerebral blood flow ... plays a MAJOR ROLE in determining cognitive capability ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 91.17 The Combination of Presurgical Cortical Gray Matter Volumetry and CEREBRAL PERFUSION Improves the Efficacy of PREDICTING Postoperative Cognitive Impairment of Elderly Patients By: Weijian Zhou et al. Tomography 2024 Sep 1;10(9):1379-1396 DOI: 10.3390/tomography10090104 "... neurological disorders ... can INFLUENCE these [brain blood] PERFUSION patterns ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 91.18 Feasibility of high-resolution perfusion imaging using arterial spin labeling MRI at 3 Tesla By: Sriranga Kashyap et al. Front Physiol 2024 Jan 3;14:1271254 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1271254 "Cerebral blood flow is a CRITICAL physiological PARAMETER of brain health ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 91.19 Sleep Disordered Breathing and Neurocognitive Disorders By: Ikechukwu Ogbu et al. J Clin Med 2024 Aug 23;13(17):5001 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13175001 "...The brain is ... PARTICULARLY susceptible to reduced blood flow ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 91.20 Novel imaging markers for altered cerebrovascular morphology in aging, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease By: Aditi Deshpande et al. J Neuroimaging Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 1 Published in final edited form as: J Neuroimaging 2022 Jul 15;32(5):956-967 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13023 "... REDUCED cerebral blood flow ... EXACERBATES neuronal degeneration ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 91.21 Cerebral blood flow is an earlier indicator of perfusion abnormalities than cerebral blood volume in Alzheimer's disease By: Mari'a Lacalle-Aurioles et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014 Jan 15;34(4):654-659 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.241 "... hypoperfusion ... PREDICTOR of rapid CONVERSION to Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 91.22 Comparison of Quantitative Cerebral Blood Flow Measurements Performed by Bookend Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast and Arterial Spin-Labeling MRI in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis By: RM D'Ortenzio et al. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016 Dec;37(12):2265-2272 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A4939 "Quantitative CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW usage as a biomarker for cognitive impairment ... is potentially a POWERFUL tool for longitudinal patient monitoring ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 91.23 Mapping cerebral perfusion in mice under various anesthesia levels using highly sensitive BOLD MRI with transient hypoxia By: Thuy Thi Le et al. Sci Adv 2024 Feb 28;10(9):eadm7605 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm7605 "Cerebral perfusion is CRITICAL for the EARLY detection of neurological diseases ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 91.24 A new framework for assessing subject-specific whole brain circulation and perfusion using MRI-based measurements and a multi-scale continuous flow model By: Erlend Hodneland et al. PLoS Comput Biol 2019 Jun 25;15(6):e1007073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007073 "... [brain] perfusion has CONSIDERABLE clinical VALUE and can be used for diagnostics ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 91.25 Perfusion alters stiffness of deep gray matter By: Stefan Hetzer et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2017 Feb 2;38(1):116-125 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X17691530 "... Our study shows that [cerebral blood flow] perfusion ALTERS the effective medium PROPERTIES in the brain ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "massive number of references"↑ -------------------------------------- 92. Functional vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: mechanisms and consequences of cerebral autoregulatory dysfunction, endothelial impairment, and neurovascular uncoupling in aging By: Peter Toth et al. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2017 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00581.2016 "... MAINTENANCE of cerebral perfusion ... [is a] prerequisite[s] for the prevention of cerebral ischemia* and neuronal dysfunction ..." *Brain Ischemia Cerebral ischemia is defined as a flow of blood to the brain that is insufficient to meet its metabolic demands, leading to loss of function and CELL DEATH. (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 92.1 Cerebral blood flow measured by arterial spin labeling MRI as a preclinical marker of Alzheimer's disease By: Christina E Wierenga et al. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-141467 "... MEASUREMENT of cerebral blood flow as a possible biomarker of Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 92.2 Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular disease ... By: Kie Honjo et al. Can J Neurol Sci. 2012 Nov;39(6):712-28 DOI: 10.1017/s0317167100015547 "... vascular risk factor MANAGEMENT may be important for Alzheimer's disease prevention and treatment." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 92.3 A brain stress test: Cerebral perfusion during memory encoding in mild cognitive impairment By: Long Xie et al. Neuroimage Clin. 2016 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.03.002 "... growing body of literature suggests that regional cerebral blood flow is ALTERED in neurodegenerative diseases ... (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 92.4 Cerebrovascular Hemodynamics on Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography and Cognitive Decline in Mild Cognitive Impairment By: Eun-Ye Lim et al. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-180026 "... [cerebrovascular] hemodynamic changes ... ... PREDICTING mild cognitive impairment patients who will PROGRESS to ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 92.5 Basal and hypercapnia-altered cerebrovascular perfusion PREDICT mild cognitive impairment in aging rodents By: M Mitschelen et al. neuroscience 2009 DOI: 10.1016 j.neuroscience.2009.08.070 "... vascular reactivity and PERFUSION are important contributing factors in memory impairment ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 92.6 Vascular cognitive impairment, dementia, aging and energy demand. A vicious cycle By: A Popa-Wagner et al. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2015 Aug. DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-1129-3 "To a great extent, cognitive health DEPENDS on cerebrovascular health ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 92.7 On the normalization of cerebral blood flow By: Romain Guibert et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2013 May;33(5):669-72 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.39 "... Cerebral blood flow is the MOST COMMON PARAMETER for the quantification of brain's function ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 92.8 Deeply Accelerated Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion MRI for Measuring Cerebral Blood Flow and Arterial Transit Time BY: Yiran Li et al. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 5 Published in final edited form as: IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2023 Dec 5;27(12):5937-5945 DOI: 10.1109/JBHI.2023.3312662 "Cerebral blood flow indicates ... BRAIN FUNCTION ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 92.9 Mapping cerebral perfusion in mice under various anesthesia levels using highly sensitive BOLD MRI with transient hypoxia By:Thuy Thi Le et al. Sci Adv 2024 Feb 28;10(9):eadm7605 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm7605 "Cerebral perfusion is CRITICAL for the EARLY DETECTION of neurological diseases ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 92.10 Regional Hypoperfusion Predicts Decline in Everyday Functioning at Three-year Follow-up in Older Adults without Dementia BY: Danielle L Sanchez et al. J Alzheimers Dis Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 21 Published in final edited form as: J Alzheimers Dis 2020;77(3):1291-1304 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-200490 "... cerebral blood flow HAS UTILITY as a biomarker IN PREDICTING ... conversion to dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 92.11 Recent advances in arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI in patients with vascular cognitive impairment By: Dan Huang et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022 Oct 25;43(2):173-184 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X221135353 ".. cerebral blood flow MAY HELP to detect or EVEN PREDICT the onset of Vascular cognitive impairment ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 92.12 Prognostic value of 99mTc-ECD brain perfusion SPECT in patients with atrial fibrillation and dementia By: Hidenobu Hashimoto et al. EJNMMI Res 2020 Jan 10;10:3 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-019-0589-3 "... cerebral blood flow ... could be a POTENTIAL PROGNOSTIC value in patients with ... DEMENTIA ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "routine monitoring of blood-flow to the brain"↑ -------------------------------------- 93. Longitudinal Cerebral Blood Flow Changes in Normal Aging and the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum Identified by Arterial Spin Labeling MRI By: Aldo Camargo et al. J Alzheimers Dis. 2021 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-210116 "... studies have shown LOWER cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 94. Cortical microinfarcts in memory clinic patients are associated with reduced cerebral PERFUSION By: Doeschka A Ferro et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2020 Sep. DOI: 10.1177/0271678X19877403 "Cerebral cortical microinfarcts are small ischemic* lesions ASSOCIATED with cognitive impairment and dementia." *Brain Ischemia Cerebral ischemia is defined as a flow of blood to the brain that is insufficient to meet its metabolic demands, leading to loss of function and CELL DEATH. (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 95. Cerebral blood flow measured by arterial spin labeling MRI as a preclinical marker of Alzheimer's disease By: Christina E Wierenga et al. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-141467 "There is growing recognition that cerebral hypoperfusion is RELATED to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 96. ... cerebral blood flow in a cohort of middle-aged adults By: Martine Elbejjani et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2019 Jul. DOI: 10.1177/0271678X18754973 "... [dementia] is thought to be MEDIATED by hypoperfusion ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 96.1 Cerebral blood flow in normal aging adults: cardiovascular determinants, clinical implications, and aerobic fitness By: Takashi Tarumi et al. J Neurochem. 2018 Mar. DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14234. Epub 2017 Nov 7 "... The brain is the most metabolically active organ with limited intracellular energy storage and CRITICALLY DEPENDS on cerebral blood flow ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 96.2 Cerebrovascular Hemodynamics on Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography and Cognitive Decline in Mild Cognitive Impairment By: Eun-Ye Lim et al. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-180026 "... neurovascular dysfunction may be CLOSELY RELATED to cognitive impairment and dementia ... there is a CLOSE ASSOCIATION between ... hemodynamic changes ... and cognitive decline ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 96.3 Differential regional cerebral blood flow reactivity to alterations in end-tidal gases in healthy volunteers By: W Alan C Mutch et al. Can J Anaesth. 2021 Oct. DOI: 10.1007/s12630-021-02042-x "... Altered regional cerebrovascular reactivity is LINKED to neurologic dysfunction ... (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 96.4 Small vessel disease and the resting functional architecture of the brain By: Robert D Stevens et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab.2014 Jul;34(7):1089-90 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.69 "... Small vessel disease is LINKED to cognitive impairment and dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 96.5 Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia including Alzheimer's disease By: Heather M Snyder et al. Alzheimers Dement.2015 Jun;11(6):710-7 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.10.008 "... Scientific evidence continues to demonstrate the LINKAGE of vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia such as Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 96.6 Primary cerebral blood flow deficiency and Alzheimer's disease: shadows and lights By: Marianna Mazza et al. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;23(3):375-89 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-2010-090700 "... reduced perfusion have on the final development of Alzheimer's disease ..." -------------------------------------- 96.7 Cerebral Perfusion and the Burden of Small Vessel Disease in Patients Referred to a Memory Clinic By: Laurien Onkenhout et al. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020;49(5):481-486 DOI: 10.1159/000510969 "... It has been suggested that cerebral hypoperfusion IS INVOLVED in the etiology of these [small vessel disease] lesions ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 96.8 Cerebral blood flow regulation and neurovascular dysfunction in Alzheimer disease By: Kassandra Kisler et al. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2017 Jul;18(7):419-434 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.48 "... neurovascular dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease ..." -------------------------------------- 96.9 Pattern of and risk factors for brain microbleeds in neurodegenerative dementia By: Javier Olazar et al. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2014 May;29(3):263-9 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513517043 "... Brain microbleeds are associated with vascular burden and Alzheimer's Disease diagnosis in old patients with neurodegenerative dementia ..." -------------------------------------- 96.10 Ageing, neurodegeneration and brain rejuvenation By: Tony Wyss-Coray Nature. 2016 Nov 10;539(7628):180-186 DOI: 10.1038/nature20411 "... neurodegeneration and dementia ... encoded partly in a blood-based signature ..." -------------------------------------- 96.11 The close link between brain vascular pathological conditions and neurodegenerative diseases: Focus on some examples and potential treatments By: Giuseppe Schiro et al. Vascul Pharmacol. 2022 Feb;142:106951 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106951 "... reduced cerebral blood flow ... have been [also] demonstrated to contribute to neurodegenerative diseases ... [and] have been documented to be significantly ASSOCIATED with the onset of the cognitive impairment ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 96.12 The progression of cognitive deterioration and regional cerebral blood flow patterns in Alzheimer's disease: a longitudinal SPECT study By: Haruo Hanyu et al. J Neurol Sci. 2010 Mar 15;290(1-2):96-101. DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2009.10.022 "... Our study suggests a significant ASSOCIATION between regional cerebral blood flow deficits and rapid cognitive deterioration ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 96.13 Neuropsychology of cognitive ageing, minimal cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular cognitive impairment By: Jaap Lindeboom et al. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Apr 19;490(1-3):83-6 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.02.046 "... Cerebrovascular disease plays an IMPORTANT ROLE in forms of cognitive decline ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 96.14 Intracranial atherosclerosis as a contributing factor to Alzheimer's disease dementia By: Alex E Roher et al. PMID: 21388893 PMCID: PMC3117084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2010.08.228 "... substantial body of evidence ... STRONGLY ASSOCIATES atherosclerotic vascular disease with Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 96.15 Associations Between Midlife Vascular Risk Factors and 25-Year Incident Dementia in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Cohort By: Rebecca F Gottesman et al. JAMA Neurol. 2017 Oct 1;74(10):1246-1254 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.1658 "... Vascular risk factors have been associated with cognitive decline. MIDLIFE EXPOSURE to these factors may be MOST IMPORTANT in conferring late-life risk of cognitive impairment ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 96.16 The effects of hypertension on the cerebral circulation By : Paulo W Pires et al. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol actions 2013 Jun 15;304(12):H1598-614 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00490.2012 "... DEFICITS in cerebral blood flow are LINKED to cognitive decline ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 96.17 Impact of multisession 40Hz tACS on hippocampal perfusion in patients with Alzheimer's disease 96.17 By: Giulia Sprugnoli et al. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2021 Dec 20;13(1):203 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00922-4 "Alzheimer's disease is ASSOCIATED with alterations in cortical PERFUSION that correlate with cognitive impairment." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 96.18 Vascular dementia, hypertension, and the brain By: C G Lis et al. Neurol Res. 1997 Oct;19(5):471-80 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.1997.11740844 "... Alzheimer's disease with vascular components are becoming INCREASINGLY RECOGNIZED ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 96.19 The comparative effects of organic brain disease on CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW and measured intelligence By: R W Butler et al. Ann Neurol. 1983 Feb;13(2):155-9 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410130208 "... cerebral blood flow is REDUCED as a function of the severity [of dementing illnesses] ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 96.20 Exercise, cognition and Alzheimer's disease: more is not necessarily better By: Laura Eggermont et al. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2006;30(4):562-75 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.10.004 "--- hypoperfusion --- is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease ---" -------------------------------------- 96.21 Age-associated cognitive decline By: Ian J Deary et al. Br Med Bull. 2009;92:135-52. DOI 10.1093/bmb/ldp033 "... From EARLY ADULTHOOD, there are declines in mental domains ... decline in a general cognitive factor ... ... The role of VASCULAR FACTORS in cognitive ageing is increasingly studied and understood ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 96.22 No difference in cerebral perfusion between the wild-type and the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease Drew R. DeBa et al. Sci Rep. 2022; 12: 22174. Published online 2022 Dec 22 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26713-x "HYPOPERFUSION ... has been observed in human ALZHEIMER'S disease." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ -------------------------------------- 96.23 Correlation of Brain Perfusion with White Matter Hyperintensity, Brain Atrophy, and Cognition in Patients with Posterior Cerebral Artery Stenosis and Subjective Cognitive Decline By; Meng Liu et al. Med Sci Monit. 2018; 24: 5729-5738 Published online 2018 Aug 17 DOI: 10.12659/MSM.909188 "... [brain] PERFUSION ... correlated to ... COGNITION DECLINE." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 96.24 Impact of multisession 40Hz tACS on hippocampal perfusion in patients with Alzheimer's disease By; Giulia Sprugnoli et al. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2021; 13: 203. Published online 2021 Dec 20 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00922-4 "Alzheimer's disease is associated with alterations in cortical PERFUSION that correlate with COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "cerebral hypo-perfusion is associated"↑ -------------------------------------- 97. Alzheimer's disease: cardiovascular risk factors must be assessed By: Antoine et al. Rev Med Interne. 2006 Jan;27(1):21-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2005.04.037 "... PHARMACOLOGICAL interventions aimed on the PREVENTION of cognitive decline or the curative treatment for [Alzheimer's] disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "clinical/pharmacological intervention"↑ -------------------------------------- 98. Economic burden of Alzheimer disease and managed care considerations By: Winston Wong Am J Manag Care. 2020 Aug;26(8 Suppl):S177-S183 DOI: 10.37765/ajmc.2020.88482 "... cost expected to increase to more than $1 trillion as the population ages ..." -------------------------------------- 99. The cost of Alzheimer's disease in China and re-estimation of costs worldwide By: Jianping Jia et al. Alzheimers Dement. 2018 Apr;14(4):483-491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.12.006 "The annual total costs are predicted to reach ... US $1.89 trillion in 2050." -------------------------------------- 99.1 Healthy Aging and Dementia: Two Roads Diverging in Midlife? By: Katie Irwin et al. Front Aging Neurosci. 2018 Sep 19;10:275 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00275 "... By 2050, the number of people living with dementia worldwide could almost triple, from 47 to 132 million, with associated costs rising to $3 trillion ..." Back to: "Total costs of care for people with Dementia could top $1.1 trillion in 2050"↑ -------------------------------------- 100 Association of Cerebral Microbleeds With Cognitive Decline and Dementia By: Saloua Akoudad et al. JAMA Neurol. 2016 Aug 1;73(8):934-43 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.1017 "... In the GENERAL POPULATION, a high microbleed count was associated with an increased risk for cognitive deterioration and dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 100.1 Cardiovascular and cognitive fitness at age 18 and risk of early-onset dementia By: Jenny Nyberg et al. Brain. 2014 May;137(Pt 5):1514-23 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu041. Epub 2014 Mar 6 "... Patients with early-onset dementia are a significantly UNDER-RECOGNIZED subgroup of patients with an increasing prevalence ... cognitive performance at age 18 and risk of early-onset dementia and mild cognitive impairment later in life ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 100.2 Emerging therapies for vascular dementia and vascular cognitive impairment By: Timo Erkinjuntti et al. Stroke . 2004 Apr;35(4):1010-7 DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000120731.88236.33 "... RECOGNITION of vascular cognitive impairment before the development of dementia and correction of vascular burden on the brain may lead to a global decrease of incident dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "this condition's prevalence"↑ -------------------------------------- 101 The clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of cerebral small vessel disease By: Ai-Juan Zhang et al. Neurosci Bull 2010 Jun;26(3):257-64 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-010-1210-y "... more attention should be paid to the importance of EARLY diagnosis and prophylactic treatment of small vessel disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 101.1 At the Heart of Brain Disorders - Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia By: Augusto Vicario et al. Eur Cardiol. 2015 Jul;10(1):60-63 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2015.10.01.60 "... EARLY DETECTION ... seem to prevent cognitive impairment and dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 101.2 Midlife interventions are critical in prevention, delay, or improvement of Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia By: Sam Gandy et al. F1000Res. 2017 Apr 3;6:413 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11140.1. eCollection 2017 "... Effective prevention therefore may need to begin in MIDLIFE in order to succeed ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 101.3 Clinically asymptomatic vascular brain injury: a potent cause of cognitive impairment among older individuals By: Charles DeCarli J Alzheimers Dis. 2013;33 Suppl 1(0 1):S417-26 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-2012-129004 "... the impact of cerebrovascular risk factors on brain injury appears to begin in MIDDLE LIFE and additively increases the likelihood of later life dementia ... Results of this review emphasize the need for EARLY detection and treatment of vascular risk factors to improve the cognitive health of our rapidly aging population ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 101.4 Blood-brain barrier and innate immunity in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease By: Goran Simic et al. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2019;168:99-145 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.06.003 "... interventions need to be selectively administered to individuals who will likely develop the disease LONG BEFORE the symptoms occur ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 101.5 Clinically asymptomatic vascular brain injury: a potent cause of cognitive impairment among older individuals By: Charles DeCarli J Alzheimers Dis. 2013;33 Suppl 1(0 1):S417-26 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-2012-129004 "... Results of this review emphasize the need for EARLY detection and treatment of vascular risk factors to improve the cognitive health of our rapidly aging population ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back↑ -------------------------------------- 101.6 Cerebrovascular Disease and Cognitive Outcome in Patients with Cardiac Disease By: Michelle C Johansen et al. Semin Neurol. 2021 Aug;41(4):463-472 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726330 "... Alzheimer's disease leading to a heightened emphasis on disease prevention through EARLY and aggressive control of vascular risk factors." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 101.7 Possibilities of Dementia Prevention - It is Never Too Early to Start By: Sandra Morovic et al. J Med Life. 2019 Oct-Dec;12(4):332-337 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2019-0088 "... large number of dementia cases are potentially preventable by EARLY intervention..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 101.8 Arterial stiffness and cognitive function By: Laure Joly Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil. 2017 Mar 1;15(1):83-88 DOI: 10.1684/pnv.2017.0655 "... Arterial stiffness ... contribute to dementia pathogenesis including Alzheimer's disease the importance of EARLY detection and management ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 101.9 Dementia and Alzheimer disease. Early detection and treatment By: M Ventura Rev Med Brux. 1999 Sep;20(4):A271-5 "EARLY diagnosis and treatment of dementia are intimately connected ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 101.10 Association of brain amyloid-beta with cerebral perfusion and structure in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment By: Niklas Mattsson et al. Brain. 2014 Mar 12;137(5):1550-1561 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu043 "... associations [between amyloid-beta and cerebral blood-flow] are detectable at an EARLY STAGE of amyloid-beta pathology in the ABSENCE of clinical dementia ... ... more pronounced REDUCTIONS in cerebral blood-flow in cognitively healthy control subjects, is consistent with the view that functional and synaptic loss is an EARLY event in Alzheimer's disease pathology ... This adds emphasis to the view that the EARLIEST changes of Alzheimer's disease ... may be manifested by REDUCED cerebral blood flow ... ... [REDUCED cerebral blood-flow] especially in EARLY stages of Alzheimer's disease ... regardless of cognitive status ... " (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "It would allow for a timely"↑ -------------------------------------- 102 Evaluation of 99mTC-ECD SPECT/CT brain Imaging with NeuroGam analysis in Moyamoya disease after surgical revascularization By: Jingjing Lou et al. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Nov 15;98(46):e16525 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000016525 "... Owing to the chronic HYPOPERFUSION ... patients may develop intellectual impairment, especially IN CHILDREN ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 102.1 Application of Three-Dimensional Pseudocontinuous Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion Imaging in the Brains of Children With autism By: Shilong Tang et al. Front Neurol 2022 Feb 23;13:851430 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.851430 "... The cerebral BLOOD FLOW values ... in CHILDREN with autism are LOWER than those of healthy children ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 102.2 Brain perfusion imaging in neonates By: Jerome Baranger et al. Neuroimage Clin 2021 Jul 14;31:102756 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102756 "IMPAIRED cerebral PERFUSION [IN NEONATES] can lead to disorders of neurocognitive development and subsequent disabilities that may reach well into adulthood ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 102.3 Cerebral Perfusion and the Risk of Dementia: A Population-Based Study By: Frank J Wolters et al. Circulation. 2017 Aug 22;136(8):719-728 DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.027448 "... Cerebral HYPOPERFUSION is associated with accelerated cognitive decline and an increased risk of dementia in the GENERAL POPULATION ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 102.4 Cerebral Perfusion Is Perturbed by Preterm Birth and Brain Injury By: ES Mahdi et al. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018 Jul;39(7):1330-1335 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A5669 "... early DISTURBANCES ... in brain cerebral PERFUSION in preterm INFANTS ... suggesting ... vulnerability of the developing cerebro-cerebellar circuitry." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 102.5 Improved velocity-selective-inversion arterial spin labeling for cerebral blood flow mapping with 3D acquisition By: Dapeng Liu et al. Magn Reson Med. 2020 May 13;84(5):2512-2522 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28310 "... cerebral BLOOD FLOW... for both YOUNG and MIDDLE-AGED healthy volunteers." (emph. added j.t.) Back↑ -------------------------------------- 102.6 Cognitive, Genetic and Brain Perfusion Factors Associated with Four Year Incidence of Alzheimer's Disease from Mild Cognitive Impairment By: Montserrat Alegret et al. J Alzheimers Dis Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 1 Published in final edited form as: J Alzheimers Dis 2014 Jan 1;41(3):739-748 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-132516 "... The dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease is commonly diagnosed among individuals older than 65 years, however, the underlying neuropathological changes BEGIN MANY YEARS BEFORE clinical onset ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 102.7 Vascular dementia: emerging trends By: Neelum T Aggarwal et al. Semin Neurol. 2007 Feb;27(1):66-77 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-956757 "... Vascular dementia is a common disorder among the elderly, although it can also occur in YOUNGER persons ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 102.8 Vascular dementia By: Timo Erkinjuntti et al. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry 2003 Jan;8(1):37-45 DOI: 10.1053/scnp.2003.50004 "... cognitive impairment ... of vascular risk factors in MIDDLE AGE ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 102.9 Brain aging, cognition IN YOUTH AND OLD age and vascular disease in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936: rationale, design and methodology of the imaging protocol By: Joanna M Wardlaw et al. Int J Stroke. 2011 Dec;6(6):547-59 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2011.00683.x "... associations between EARLY AND LATE life cognition ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "conceivably exists in all other age groups"↑ -------------------------------------- 103 Is dementia a disease? By: Fred C C Peng Gerontology. Nov-Dec 2003;49(6):384-91 DOI: 10.1159/000073767 "It is concluded that dementia is NOT a disease." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 104 Is dementia a disease? By: Fred C C Peng Gerontology. Nov-Dec 2003;49(6):384-91 DOI: 10.1159/000073767 "... Alzheimer's disease is now regarded by some as a vascular disorder with neurodegenerative consequence ..." -------------------------------------- 105 The links between complex coronary disease, cerebrovascular disease, and degenerative brain disease By: Jason C Kovacic et al. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012 Apr;1254:99-105 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06482.x "... cardiovascular disease has recently been implicated as playing a MAJOR ROLE in dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 105.1 Is dementia a disease? By: Fred C C Peng Gerontology 2003 Nov-Dec;49(6):384-91 DOI 10.1159/000073767 "... It is concluded that dementia is not a disease ..." Back to: "treating the affliction as a disease in need of a cure."↑ -------------------------------------- 106 Alzheimer's disease drug development: translational neuroscience strategies By: Jeffrey L Cummings et al. CNS Spectr. 2013 Jun;18(3):128-38. DOI: 10.1017/S1092852913000023 "Alzheimer's disease ... All phase 3 drug development programs for disease-modifying agents HAVE FAILED thus far ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 107 Cognitive rehabilitation reduces cognitive impairment and normalizes hippocampal CA1 architecture in a rat model of vascular dementia By: Kristopher D Langdon et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2013 Jun;33(6):872-9 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.21. Epub 2013 Feb 20 "... NEW THERAPIES are URGENTLY REQUIRED to improve cognitive deficits associated with dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 107.1 Pathogenesis and disease-modifying therapy in Alzheimer's disease: the flat line of progress By: Rudy J Castellani et al. Arch Med Res 2012 Nov;43(8):694-8 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.09.009 "...The lack of progress in the development of disease-modifying therapy in Alzheimer's disease ... NO TREATMENT BENEFIT was apparent ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 107.2 Does Traumatic Brain Injury Hold the Key to the Alzheimer's Puzzle? By: Robert E Becker et al. Alzheimers Dement Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 1 Published in final edited form as: Alzheimers Dement 2017 Dec 12;14(4):431-443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.11.007 "Neurodegenerative disorders have been a graveyard for hundreds of well-intentioned efforts at drug discovery and development." -------------------------------------- 107.3 The Erythrocytic Hypothesis of Brain Energy Crisis in Sporadic Alzheimer Disease: Possible Consequences and Supporting Evidence By: Elena Kosenko et al. J Clin Med. 2020 Jan 12;9(1):206 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010206 "... continued failures of the clinical trials suggest that amyloids are not a key cause of Alzheimer's disease ..." Back to: "All the efforts to find this elusive cure have failed"↑ -------------------------------------- 108. Midlife interventions are critical in prevention, delay, or improvement of Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia By: Sam Gandy et al. F1000Res. 2017 Apr 3;6:413 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11140.1. eCollection 2017 "... BILLIONS OF DOLLARS later, all efforts at disease-modifying interventions [of dementias] have failed ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 108.1 Assessment of neurovascular uncoupling: APOE status is a key driver of early metabolic and vascular dysfunction By: Kristen D Onos et al. Alzheimers Dement 2024 May 7;20(7):4951-4969 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13842 "... The incidence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias continues to rise globally. DESPITE an INCREASE in funding for research..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "despite a continuous extensive and well-supported research on these elements"↑ -------------------------------------- 109 Midlife interventions are critical in prevention, delay, or improvement of Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia By: Sam Gandy et al. F1000Res. 2017 Apr 3;6:413 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11140.1 eCollection 2017 "... none of the world's economies CAN SUSTAIN THE COSTS of caring for this epidemic of brain failure that is devastating HALF of the over 85-year-olds globally ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 109.1 Cerebrovascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease and Transgenic Rodent Models By: Xing Fang et al. J Exp Neurol Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 1. Published in final edited form as: J Exp Neurol. 2024;5(2):42-64 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.5.087 "... Alzheimer's Disease-Related Dementia ... has TREMENDOUS ECONOMIC BURDEN on the healthcare system ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "while society's future ability to take adequate care of this portion of the population is questionable at best"↑ ----------------------------------- 110 At the Heart of Brain Disorders - Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia By: Augusto Vicario et al. Eur Cardiol. 2015 Jul;10(1):60-63 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2015.10.01.60 "... control of modifiable vascular risk factors seem to be the only current strategies to PREVENT cognitive impairment and dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "prevent the onset of dementia altogether."↑ ----------------------------------- 111. Blood-brain barrier and innate immunity in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease By: Goran Simic et al. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2019;168:99-145 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.06.003 "... as of April 2019, there have been 2094 studies registered for Alzheimer's disease on the clinicaltrials.gov U.S. National Library of Science web page ..." ----------------------------------- 111.1 The Erythrocytic Hypothesis of Brain Energy Crisis in Sporadic Alzheimer Disease: Possible Consequences and Supporting Evidence By: Elena Kosenko et al. J Clin Med. 2020 Jan 12;9(1):206 DDOI: 10.3390/jcm9010206 "... amyloid plaque accumulation in the brain has been the subject of intensive research ..." Back to: "Well into the second century since then, despite a continuous extensive and well-supported"↑ ----------------------------------- 112. Alterations in brain fluid physiology during the early stages of development of ischaemic oedema By; Stephen B Hladky et al. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2024 Jun 10;21:51 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00534-8 "... [ISCHAEMIC] OEDEMA is initiated when [brain] BLOOD FLOW ... falls sufficiently ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.1 Feasibility of flow-related enhancement brain perfusion MRI Julian Glandorf writing the original draft PLoS One. 2022; 17(11): e0276912. Published online 2022 Nov 17 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276912 "BRAIN PERFUSION imaging is of enormous importance for VARIOUS neurological diseases." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.2 Whole-brain perfusion mapping in mice by dynamic BOLD MRI with transient hypoxia By: DongKyu Lee et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2022 Dec; 42(12): 2270-2286. Published online 2022 Jul 28. DOI: 10.1177/0271678X221117008 "... CEREBRAL PERFUSION is critical for understanding neurovascular and NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.3 Cerebral perfusion using ASL in patients with COVID-19 and neurological manifestations: A retrospective multicenter observational study By: Francois-Daniel Ardellier et al. J Neuroradiol. 2023 Jan 16 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2023.01.005 "Cerebral hypoperfusion has been reported in patients with COVID-19 and neurological manifestations in small cohorts." ----------------------------------- 112.4 Abnormal cerebral microvascular perfusion and reactivity in female offspring of reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) mice model By: Evelyn Lara et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2022 Dec; 42(12): 2318-2332. Published online 2022 Aug 25 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X221121872 "... CEREBRAL BLOOD vessels are CRITICAL components in cerebrovascular development ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back↑ ----------------------------------- 112.5 Cerebral perfusion of the left reading network predicts recovery of reading in subacute to chronic stroke By: Olga Boukrina et al. Hum Brain Mapp. 2019 Dec 15; 40(18): 5301-5314 Published online 2019 Aug 26 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24773 FLOW "Better understanding of cerebral blood PERFUSION in STROKE recovery can help inform decisions ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.6 Perfusion MRI in the evaluation of brain metastases: current practice review and rationale for study of baseline MR perfusion imaging prior to stereotactic radiosurgery (STARBEAM-X) By: Caroline Beverley Dobeson et al. Br J Radiol. 2023 Nov; 96(1152): 20220462 Published online 2023 Oct 24 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20220462 "PERFUSION plays an established role in the baseline and post-treatment evaluation of primary brain TUMOURS ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.7 Impact of White Adipose Tissue on Brain Structure, Perfusion, and Cognitive Function in Patients With Severe Obesity The BARICO Study By: Debby Vreeken et al. Neurology. 2023 Feb 14; 100(7): e703-e718 DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000201538 "... brain structure and PERFUSION and cognition in adults with SEVERE OBESITY ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.8 Astrocytes monitor cerebral perfusion and control systemic circulation to maintain brain blood flow By: Nephtali Marina et al. Nat Commun. 2020 Jan 9;11:131 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13956-y "... falling cerebral PERFUSION ... increase systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE and HEART RATE ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.9 Global Brain Perfusion and the Risk of Transient Ischemic Attack and Ischemic Stroke: The Rotterdam Study By: Lana Fani et al. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019 Apr 2; 8(7): e011565. Published online 2019 Mar 23 DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.118.011565 "... impaired global BRAIN PERFUSION increased the risk of transient ISCHEMIC ATTACK ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back↑ ----------------------------------- 112.10 Perfusion-Weighted Imaging: The Use of a Novel Perfusion Scoring Criteria to Improve the Assessment of Brain Tumor Recurrence versus Treatment Effects By: Sneha Sai Mannam et al. Tomography. 2023 Jun; 9(3): 1062-1070. Published online 2023 May 23 DOI: 10.3390/tomography9030087 "Upon analysis, we discovered a significant association ... [of] PERFUSION ... differentiating between [brain] TUMOR recurrence and treatment effects." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.11 Longitudinal alterations in brain perfusion and vascular reactivity in the zQ175DN mouse model of Huntington's disease By: Tamara Vasilkovska et al. J Biomed Sci. 2024; 31: 37. Published online 2024 Apr 16 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01028-3 "... PERFUSION alterations ... is warranted as a potential therapeutic target in HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.12 Arterial spin labelling reveals an abnormal cerebral perfusion pattern in Parkinson's disease By: Tracy R. Melzer et al. Brain. 2011 Mar; 134(3): 845-855 Published online 2011 Feb 9 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq377 "... abnormal cerebral PERFUSION in PARKINSONS DISEASE as potential functional biomarkers." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.13 Impact of temporal resolution on perfusion metrics, therapy decision, and radiation dose reduction in brain CT perfusion in patients with suspected stroke By: Alexander Rau et al. Neuroradiology. 2024; 66(5): 749-"759. Published online 2024 Mar 18 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-024-03335-w "... PERFUSION of the brain is a powerful tool IN STROKE imaging ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.14 Disrupted Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Children With Newly-Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study By: Jiawen Song et al. Front Neurol. 2020 Jun 19;11:572 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00572 "There is an abnormal cerebral PERFUSION in children with newly diagnosed type 1 DIABETES mellitus ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back↑ ----------------------------------- 112.15 Perfusion MR Imaging: Clinical Utility for the Differential Diagnosis of Various Brain Tumors By: Sung Ki Cho et al. Korean J Radiol. 2002 Sep 30;3(3):171-179 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2002.3.3.171 " [brain blood] PERFUSION ... imaging may be helpful in the differentiation of the various solid TUMORS found in the brain ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.16 Transient deoxyhemoglobin formation as a contrast for perfusion MRI studies in patients with brain tumors: a feasibility study By: Vittorio Stumpo et al. Front Physiol. 2024; 15: 1238533. Published online 2024 Apr 25 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1238533 "... PERFUSION patterns [is] consistent with underlying TUMOR histology ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.17 A preliminary study of cerebral blood flow, aging and dementia in people with Down syndrome BY: S Thalman et al. J Intellect Disabil Res Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 30 Published in final edited form as: J Intellect Disabil Res 2020 Sep 30;64(12):934-945 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12784 "Cerebral blood flow was SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER among DOWN SYNDROME participant ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.18 Lesion volume and spike frequency on EEG impact perfusion values in focal cortical dysplasia: a pediatric arterial spin labeling study 112.18 By: Antonio Giulio Gennari et al. Sci Rep. 2024; 14: 7601. Published online 2024 Mar 31 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58352-9 "...highest correlation between PERFUSION and EEG findings ... specifically spike rate [in children with EPILEPSY]" (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.19 Decreased resting perfusion in precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex predicts tinnitus severity By: Benjamin J. Zimmerman et al. Curr Res Neurobiol. 2021; 2: 100010. Published online 2021 Apr 1 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2021.100010 "Global cerebral blood flow is REDUCED IN TINNITUS." (emph. added j.t.) Back↑ ----------------------------------- 112.20 ABCD1 dysfunction alters white matter microvascular perfusion ByL: Arne Lauer et al. Brain. 2017 Dec; 140(12): 3139-3152. Published online 2017 Nov 9 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx262 "... PERFUSION abnormalities have also been found to be associated with ... MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, OPTIC NEURITIS, ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS and PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKENCEPHALOPATHY .." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.21 Association between cerebral perfusion and paediatric postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome after posterior fossa surgery-a systematic review By: Narjes Ahmadian et al. Childs Nerv Syst. 2021; 37(9): 2743-2751 Published online 2021 Jun 21 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05225-5 "... cerebral PERFUSION is reduced in paediatric postoperative cerebellar MUTISM syndrome patients ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.22 Occipital transcranial direct current stimulation in episodic migraine patients: effect on cerebral perfusion By: Heiko Pohl et al. Sci Rep. 2023; 13: 13944 Published online 2023 Aug 25 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39659-5 "... CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW differs between MIGRAINE patients and healthy controls ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.23 Assessment of perfusion deficit with early phases of [18F]PI-2620 tau-PET versus [18F]flutemetamol-amyloid-PET recordings By: Friederike Volter et al. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2023; 50(5): 1384-1394 Published online 2022 Dec 27 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-06087-y "...cerebral PERFUSION DEFICIT ... biomarker for neuronal injury in NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.24 Serotonin transporter genotype modulates resting state and predator stress-induced amygdala perfusion in mice in a sex-dependent manner By: Jann F. Kolter et al. PLoS One. 2021; 16(2): e0247311 Published online 2021 Feb 19 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247311 "... ASSOCIATION between the 5-hydroxtryptamine transporter gene-linked polymorphic region POLYMORPHISM and baseline BRAIN PERFUSION ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back↑ ----------------------------------- 112.25 A dynamic simulation framework for CT perfusion in stroke assessment built from first principles By: Sarah E. Divel et al. Med Phys. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2021 Sep 27 Published in final edited form as:Med Phys. 2021 Jul; 48(7): 3500-3510 Published online 2021 May 9 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14887 "... assessment of PERFUSION techniques ... for STROKE assessment ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.26 Comparative study between dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging and arterial spin labelling perfusion in differentiating low-grade from high-grade brain tumours By: Vaibhav Patil et al. Pol J Radiol. 2023; 88: e521-e528 Published online 2023 Nov 13 DOI: 10.5114/pjr.2023.132889 "... PERFUSION techniques can be reliably used to distinguish low-grade and high-grade BRAIN TUMOURS." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.27 Altered brain perfusion patterns in wakefulness and slow-wave sleep in sleepwalkers By: Marie-E've Desjardins et al. Sleep. 2018 May; 41(5): zsy039. Published online 2018 Mar 3 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy039 "... SLEEPWALKERS showed REDUCED regional CEREBRAL PERFUSION ... consistent with the clinical features of SOMNAMBULISTIC episodes ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.28 Cardiovascular factors are related to dopamine integrity and cognition in aging Nina Karalija et al. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2019 Nov; 6(11): 2291-2303 Published online 2019 Oct 30 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50927 "Cognitive impairments in PARKINSONIAN diseases have been RELATED TO DEFICITS IN PERFUSION ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.29 Monitoring Cerebral Perfusion Changes Using Arterial Spin-Labeling Perfusion MRI after Indirect Revascularization in Children with Moyamoya Disease By: Seul Bi Lee et al. Korean J Radiol. 2021 Sep; 22(9): 1537-1546 Published online 2021 May 26 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2020.1464 "... CEREBRAL PERFUSION CHANGES... in children with MOYAMOYA disease." (emph. added j.t.) Back↑ ---------------------------------- 112.30 Cerebral blood flow patterns in preterm and term NEONATES assessed with pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI By: Eleonora Piccirilli et al. Hum Brain Mapp. 2023 Jun 15; 44(9): 3833-3844 Published online 2023 Apr 25 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26315 "CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW ... disturbances predispose to abnormal BRAIN MATURATION." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.31 The value of a deep learning image reconstruction algorithm in whole-brain computed tomography perfusion in patients with acute ischemic stroke By: Limin Lei et al. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2023 Oct 31;13(12):8173-8189 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-547 "... Imaging Evaluation for Ischemic STROKE ... ... have confirmed the importance ... ... of [blood brain] PERFUSION ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.32 Synaptic loss and its association with symptom severity in Parkinson's disease By: Sophie E Holmes et al. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024 Feb 24;10:42 doi: 10.1038/s41531-024-00655-9 "... we also demonstrate lower brain [blood] PERFUSION in PARKINSON'S disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.33 Cerebral perfusion variance in new daily persistent headache and chronic migraine: an arterial spin-labeled MR imaging study By: Xiaoyan Bai et al. J Headache Pain 2022 Dec 8;23(1):156 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-022-01532-7 "Compared with healthy controls participants, patients with NEW DAILY PERSISTENT HEADACHE were found to have DECREASED cerebral blood flow ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.34 Cerebral hypoperfusion: a new pathophysiologic concept in multiple sclerosis? By: Miguel D'haeseleer et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015 Jun 24;35(9):1406-1410 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.131 "... there is a widespread cerebral HYPOPERFUSION in patients with MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 112.35 Arterial spin labelling reveals an abnormal cerebral perfusion pattern in Parkinson's disease By: Tracy R Melzer et al. Brain 2011 Feb 9;134(3):845-855 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq377 "... studies have suggested patterns of ABNORMAL CEREBRAL PERFUSION in PARKINSON'S disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "brain disorders in general"↑ ----------------------------------- 113. The value of arterial spin labelling perfusion MRI in brain age PREDICTION By: Mathijs B. J. Dijsselhof et al. Hum Brain Mapp. 2023 May; 44(7): 2754-2766. Published online 2023 Feb 27 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26242 "... COGNITIVE DECLINE in the cognitively NORMAL population ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "some form of dementia at a later age"↑ -------------------------------- 114. CCSVI, Brain Cooling and Blood Flow Posted on September 3, 2010 by uprightdoctor "The upper cervical spine plays an important role in the venous drainage system of the brain, brain blood flow and brain COOLING ... decreased blood flow and DECREASED COOLING capacity of the brain." (emph. added j.t.) ------------------------------------------- 114.1 Cerebral Cooling During Increased Cerebral Blood Flow in the Monkey ArticleinProceedings of The Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 124(2):555-7 March 1967 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-124-31788 "... Intracerebral temperature gradients are basically dependent upon the rate of REMOVAL of heat from the brain by the arterial blood." (emph. added j.t.) ------------------------------------------ 114.2 Body and brain temperature coupling: the critical role of cerebral blood flow By: Mingming Zhu et al. J Comp Physiol B. 2009 Aug;179(6):701-10. DOI: 10.1007/s00360-009-0352-6 "... LOWER cerebral blood flow promotes HIGHER deep-brain/body-core TEMPERATURE ..." (emph. added j.t.) ------------------------------------------ 114.3 Dual role of cerebral blood flow in regional brain temperature control in the healthy newborn infant By: Sachiko Iwata et al. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2014 Oct;37:1-7 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.05.010 "... brain PERFUSION, which REMOVES heat ..." (emph. added j.t.) ------------------------------------------ 114.4 Specialized brain cooling in humans? By: G L Brengelmann FASEB J 1993 Sep;7(12):1148-52; discussion 1152-3 DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.7.12.8375613 "... the meshwork of arterial vessels in the carotid rete PRECOOLS blood bound for the brain ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back↑ ------------------------------------------ 114.5 Selective brain cooling By: F Corrard Arch Pediatr. 1999 Jan;6(1):87-92 DOI: 10.1016/S0929-693X(99)80080-3 "... the arterial blood temperature, of which CEREBRAL temperature depends upon, is reduced by the COOLED venous blood ..." (emph. added j.t.) ------------------------------------------ 114.6 Comparison of brain temperature to core temperature J Neurosci Nurs. 2004 Feb;36(1):23-31 "... acute neurological injury ... All 15 studies found that brain TEMPERATURE was HIGHER than all measures of core temperature with mean differences of 0.39 to 2.5 degrees C reported." (emph. added j.t.) ------------------------------------------ 114.7 Selective BRAIN COOLING in humans: "fancy" or fact? By: M Cabanac FASEB J. 1993 Sep;7(12):1143-6; discussion 1146-7 DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.7.12.8375612 "... arterial blood flow of the brain is sufficient to COOL the brain ..." (emph. added j.t.) ------------------------------------------ 114.8 Brain temperature EXCEEDS systemic temperature in head-injured patients By: C S Rumana et al. Crit Care Med. 1998 Mar;26(3):562-7 DOI :10.1097/00003246-199803000-00032 "... Thirty patients with severe head injuries ... ...The difference in the brain and body temperatures INCREASED when cerebral perfusion pressure DECREASED ... .... brain temperature INCREASE over the core body temperature ranged from 0.30 degrees to 2.1 degrees C ..." (emph. added j.t.) ------------------------------------------ 114.9 The thermodynamic brain By: Joseph Donnelly et al. Crit Car. 2014 Dec 12;18(6):693 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-014-0693-8 "... Brain blood flow can thus be understood as A COOLER for the brain ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back↑ ------------------------------------------ 114.10 Selective brain cooling increases cortical cerebral blood flow in rats By: J W Kuluz et al. Am J Physiol. 1993 Sep;265(3 Pt 2):H824-7 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1993.265.3.H824 "... as brain temperature INCREASED, cortical cerebral blood flow DECREASED ..." (emph. added j.t.) ------------------------------------------ 114.11 Guttural pouches, brain temperature and exercise in horses By: Graham Mitchell et al. Biol Lett. 2006 Sep 22;2(3):475-7 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2006.0469 "... We conclude that cerebral blood flow REMOVES heat from the brain ..." (emph. added j.t.) ------------------------------------------ 114.12 Measurement of brain temperature with magnetic resonance spectroscopy in acute ischemic* stroke By: Bartosz Karaszewski et al. Ann Neurol. 2006 Oct;60(4):438-46 DOI: 10.1002/ana.20957 "... Temperature is ELEVATED in acutely ischemic* brain ..." *Brain Ischemia Cerebral ischemia is defined as a flow of blood to the brain that is insufficient to meet its metabolic demands, leading to loss of function and CELL DEATH. (emph. added j.t.) ------------------------------------------ 114.13 Cerebral Vascular Control and Metabolism in Heat Stress By: Anthony R Bain et al. Compr Physiol. 2015 Jul 1;5(3):1345-80 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140066 "... Any REDUCTION in cerebral blood flow ATTENUATES the brain's convective HEAT LOSS ..." (emph. added j.t.) ------------------------------------------ 114.14 Theoretical model of temperature regulation in the brain during changes in functional activity By: Alexander L Sukstanskii et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Aug 8;103(32):12144-9 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0604376103 "... [Brain] heat REMOVAL by blood flow ..." (emph. added j.t.) ------------------------------------------ 114.15 Neuroprotective effect of selective hypothermic cerebral perfusion in extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A preclinical study By: Kerong Zhai et al. JTCVS Open. 2022 Aug 3;12:221-233 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2022.07.00 "selective hypothermic cerebral PERFUSION rapidly REDUCED the brain-targeted TEMPERATURE and significantly alleviated nerve injury." (emph. added j.t.) ------------------------------------------ 114.16 Brain temperature homeostasis: physiological fluctuations and pathological shifts By: Eugene A Kiyatkin Front Biosci. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Aug 4 Published in final edited form as: Front Biosci. 2010 Jan 1;15:73-92 DOI: 10.2741/3608 "... the BLOOD supply to the brain is COOLER than the brain itself ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "reduced blood flow in the brain is known to result in elevated brain temperature" ↑ ----------------------------------- 115. Age-related normative changes in cerebral perfusion: Data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) By: Caoilfhionn Ni Leidhin et al. NeuroImage Volume 229, 1 April 2021, 117741 "... mean total cerebral perfusion of 56.3 ± 9.7 ml/100 g/min ..." ----------------------------------- 115.1 What is the Best Method for Brain Protection in Surgery of the Aortic Arch? Selective Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion By: Jean Bachet, MD, FEBTCS et al. Volume 28, Issue 2P389-401May 2010 "... perfusion of 55 mL/min/100 g of brain ..." ----------------------------------- 115.2 Cerebral blood flow and autoregulation: current measurement techniques and prospects for noninvasive optical methods By: Sergio Fantini et al. Neurophotonics. 2016 Jun 21;3(3):031411 DOI: 10.1117/1.NPh.3.3.031411 "... cerebral blood flow in adult humans is about 50 ml / (100 g min) ..." ----------------------------------- 115.3 Blood flow distribution in cerebral arteries By: Laleh Zarrinkoob et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2015 Jan 7;35(4):648-654 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.241 "... mean cerebral perfusion was 58±8-mL/min/100-mL [of brain] ..." ----------------------------------- 115.4 Regulation of cerebral blood flow in humans: physiology and clinical implications of autoregulation By: Jurgen A H R Claassen et al. Physiol Rev. 2021 Mar 26;101(4):1487-1559 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2020 "... mean cerebral blood flow of 55 mL/100g/min ..." ----------------------------------- 115.5 Cerebral blood flow and autoregulation: current measurement techniques and prospects for noninvasive optical methods By: Sergio Fantini et al. Neurophotonics. 2016 Jun 21;3(3):031411 DOI: 10.1117/1.NPh.3.3.03141 "... Normal cerebral perfusion 50 ml/100 g/min ..." Back↑ ----------------------------------- 115.6 Normal and Abnormal Physiology of Cerebral Blood Flow By: Andrew Bivard et al. https://radiologykey.com/normal and abnormal physiology "... Average cerebral blood flow in a healthy human is approximately 50 mL/100 g/min ..." ----------------------------------- 115.7 CT perfusion in ischemic stroke Last revised by Andrew Murphy on 4 Mar 2024 https://radiopaedia.org/articles/ct-perfusion-in-ischaemic-stroke DOI:10.53347/rID-24526 "... cerebral blood-flow: 60 mL/100 g/min ..." ----------------------------------- 115.8 Consensus statement on current and emerging methods for the diagnosis and evaluation of cerebrovascular disease By: Manus J Donahue et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017 Aug 17;38(9):1391-1417 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X17721830 "... In health, these .... ensure a comparatively high whole-brain Cerebral Blood Flow of 40-60-ml/100-g/min, which translates to 700-800-mL blood/min ..." ----------------------------------- 115.9 Perfusion alters stiffness of deep gray matter By: Stefan Hetzer et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017 Feb 2;38(1):116-125 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X17691530 "... cerebral arterial blood flow (650-ml/min) and tissue perfusion which is normally quantified by the parameter of cerebral blood flow in units of volume/min normalized for 100g tissue ..." ----------------------------------- 115.10 Recovery of brain function during induced cerebral hypoperfusion By: Randolph S. Marshall et al. Brain, Volume 124, Issue 6, June 2001, Pages 1208-1217 Published: 01 June 2001 DOI:10.1093/brain/124.6.1208 "... those whose cerebral blood flow dropped to an average 37 ml/100 g/min had a reversible deterioration of sustained attention ... ... those whose cerebral blood flow fell to 27 ml/100 g/min had had impaired sustained attention that persisted until the carotid occlusion was reversed ..." Back to: "baseline"↑ ----------------------------------- 116. A mobile battery-powered brain perfusion ultrasound device designed for prehospital stroke diagnosis: correlation to perfusion MRI in healthy volunteers By: Mustafa Kilic et al. Neurol Res Pract. 2022; 4: 13 Published online 2022 Apr 11 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-022-00179-8 "We report on a novel small, portable and battery driven point-of-care ultrasound system (SONAS) specifically developed for mobile non-invasive BRAIN PERFUSION ultrasound ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 116.1 Australian and New Zealand Perfusion Survey: Equipment and Monitoring By; Robert A Baker et al. J Extra Corpor Technol. 2006 Sep;38(3):220-229 "... NEW TECHNOLOGY is often AVAILABLE in the market place BEFORE there is extensive availability of reliable evidence-based literature ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 116.2 Transcranial contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the rat brain reveals substantial hyperperfusion acutely post-stroke By: Premilovac et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2020 Feb 17;40(5):939-53 DOI: 10.77/0271678X20905493 "... While a number of sophisticated imaging platforms enable assessment of CEREBRAL PERFUSION, most are limited ... we applied transcranial contrast-enhanced ULTRASOUND [an (iU22) ultrasound machine (Philips Medical Systems, Australia)] to measure cerebral perfusion in real-time ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 116.3 In vivo laser speckle contrast imaging of microvascular blood perfusion using a chip-on-tip camera By: s Markwalder et al. iScience. 2024 Feb 1;27(3):109077 DOI:10.1016/.isci.2024.109077 "... Laser speckle contrast imaging is a clinical technique for non-invasive ASSESSMENT OF BLOOD FLOW ... laser speckle contrast imaging allows clinicians to locate areas of poor perfusion ... In the present study, we implement a COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE miniature (1 mm — 1 mm) chip-on-tip camera with integrated lens ( (NanEye), grayscale version, AMS, Austria) into an laser speckle contrast imaging setup ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 116.4 Transtemporal brain contrast-enhanced ultrasound in children: preliminary experience in patients without neurological disorders By: Luis Octavio Tierradentro-Garca J Ultrasound 2022 Aug 27;26(1):201-10 DOI: 10.07/s40477-022-00713-z "Brain contrast-enhanced ULTRASOUND allows the QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE evaluation of CEREBRAL PERFUSION ... five studies were performed using an (Acuson Sequoia) scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions, Malvern, PA) with a (4V1) transducer... study was performed using a General Electric (LOGIQ 10) machine with an (M5Sc) transducer ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 116.5 Brain Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Evaluation of a Pediatric Swine Model By: Misun Hwang et al. Ultrasound Q. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Oct 8. Published in final edited form as: Ultrasound Q. 2020 Dec 16;38(1):31-35 DOI: 10.1097/RUQ.0000000000000544 "We evaluated the feasibility of using a ... ULTRASOUND ... based measures of BRAIN PERFUSION ... Siemens ultrasound transducer (Siemens Healthineers, Malvern, Pa)... Scans were performed on an (ACUSON)." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ ----------------------------------- 116.6 Surgical Hyperspectral imaging and Indocyanine green Near-infrared Examination (SHINE) for brain arteriovenous malformation resection: a case report on how to visualize perfusion BY: Johannes Wach et al. Front Surg. 2024 Oct 18;11:1477920 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2024.1477920 "The (TIVITA) Tissue HSI camera system (Diaspective Vision, Germany) ... enables non-invasive, contrast-agent free intraoperative image capture with both qualitative and quantitative analysis ... This system ASSESSES ... PERFUSION index ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 116.7 The Use of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in the Evaluation of the Neonatal Brain By: Domen Plut et al. Children (Basel). 2023 Jul 28;10(8):1303 DOI: 10.3390/children10081303 "Brain contrast-enhanced ultrasounds (CEUS) is a promising DIAGNOSTIC TOOL that may have ADVANTAGES in comparison to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 116.8 Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Detection Using Mobile Non-Imaging Brain Perfusion Ultrasound-First Case By: Mustafa Kilic et al. J Clin Med. 2022 Jun 13;11(12):3384 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123384 "... our group demonstrated ... mobile battery driven BRAIN PERFUSION ULTRASOUND device (SONAS) (BURL Concepts, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 116.9 Ultrasound, Photoacoustic, and MR Imaging to Study Hyperacute Pathophysiology of Traumatic and Vascular Brain Injury By: Ali Kamali et al. J Neuroimaging. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 1 Published in final edited form as: J Neuroimaging 2023 May 14;33(4):534-546 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13115 "... using a battery of 3D ultrasound, color Doppler and photoacoustic scans (Vevo 3100 LAZR-X) system (FUJIFILM VisualSonics, Toronto, Canada) with a 21 MHz frequency transducer (Vevo MX 250) and the 680-970 nm laser port. ----------------------------------- 116.10 Analysis of laser Doppler flowmetry long-term recordings for investigation of cerebral microcirculation during neurointensive care By: Stina Mauritzon et al. "... laser Doppler flowmetry ... (PF 5010) (Perimed AB, Sweden) were performed... ... with an in-house developed software designed in (LabVIEW) (National Instruments Inc., Austin, TX, USA) ..." ----------------------------------- 116.11 Repeatability of the flash-replenishment-method in contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the quantitative assessment of hepatic microvascular perfusion By: Fang Xie et al. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2018 Feb 26;51(4):e7058 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431X20177058 "... contrast-enhanced ULTRASOUND PERFUSION imaging were conducted using (iU Elite) Extreme color ultrasound diagnostic system (Philips Medical Systems, USA) ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 116.12 Functional Transcranial Doppler ULTRASOUND for Measurement of Hemispheric Lateralization During Visual Memory and Visual Search Cognitive Tasks By: Benjamin Hage et al. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 3 Published in final edited form as: IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 2016 Aug 26;63(12):2001-2007 DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2016.2603471 "... (DWL (DopplerBox) X, Compumedics Germany Gmbh) was used to collect bilateral BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY data ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 116.13 Ultrasound and dynamic functional imaging in vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease By: Branko Malojcic et al. BMC Med. 2017 Feb 9;15:27 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0799-3 "The vascular contributions to neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation may be assessed by ... ultrasonography ... ... safe and relatively low cost tools and analyses recent work highlighting their potential utility as biomarkers for differentiating subtypes of cognitive impairment and dementia ..." ----------------------------------- 116.14 Comparison of the clinical value of transcranial Doppler ultrasound and computed tomography angiography for diagnosing ischemic cerebrovascular disease By: Jun Gao et al. J Int Med Res. 2022 Jun 23;50(6):03000605211047718 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211047718 "... ultrasound has several advantages over computed tomography angiography ... ... The accuracy of diagnosing ... higher than that with a computed tomography angiography examination ... ... Workspace (GE AW4.4 ) image post-processing station (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA) ..." ----------------------------------- 116.15 Continuous monitoring of cerebral blood flow during general anaesthesia in infants By: Sigrid D Vik et al. BJA Open 2023 May 16;6:100144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjao.2023.100144 "... (NeoDoppler) a recently developed ultrasound system, was used to monitor cerebral blood flow velocity ..." Back to: "Monitoring brain blood flow"↑ ----------------------------------- 117. Improved Perfusion Pattern Score Association with Type 2 Diabetes Severity Using Machine Learning Pipeline: a Pilot Study By: Yuheng Chen et al. J Magn Reson Imaging. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 1 Published in final edited form as: J Magn Reson Imaging 2018 Aug 5;49(3):834-844 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26256 "Type 2 DIABETES mellitus --- affecting CEREBRAL --- PERFUSION." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 117.1 Brain metastases: neuroimaging By: Whitney B Pope Handb Clin Neurol Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 31 Published in final edited form as: Handb Clin Neurol 2018;149:89-112 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-811161-1.00007-4 "... A VARIETY of biophysical properties of tissue can result in decreased or RESTRICTED [brain] diffusion ... ... ABSCESSES typically have RESTRICTED DIFFUSION ... ... MANY COMMON MALIGNANCIES have a PROPENSITY for singular brain metastases, including BREAST, COLON, RENAL CELL, and THYROID CANCERS, whereas LUNG CANCER and MELANOMA are morelikely to GENERATE multiple BRAIN TUMOURS ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 117.2 Implementation and validation of ASL perfusion measurements for population imaging By; Esther A H Warnert et al. Magn Reson Med. 2020 Apr 2;84(4):2048-2054 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28271 "... measurement of regional CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW, which has the potential to SERVE AS BIOMARKER for neurodegenerative and CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 117.3 Regional impairment of deep gray matter perfusion in neonates with congenital heart disease revealed by arterial spin labeling MRI By: Yan Sun et al. Front Hum Neurosci. 2022 Sep 2;16:803006 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.803006 "... CARDIAC physiology plays a crucial part in changes in regional CEREBRAL PERFUSION ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 117.4 Acute effect of a high nitrate diet on brain perfusion in older adults By: Tennille D Presley et al. Nitric Oxide Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jan 1. Published in final edited form as: Nitric Oxide 2010 Oct 15;24(1):34-42 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2010.10.002 "... poor [brain] BLOOD FLOW ... contribute to MANY DISEASE states and may also be a factor in the DECLINE OF PHYSICAL ... FUNCTION ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 117.5 Cortical pattern of reduced perfusion in hearing loss revealed by ASL MRI By: Sara Ponticorvo et al. Hum Brain Mapp. 2019 Feb 4;40(8):2475-2487 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24538 "... HEARING LOSS ... may result in cerebral [brain blood] PERFUSION ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ ----------------------------------- 117.6 MRI diffusion and perfusion alterations in the mesencephalon and pons as markers of disease and symptom reversibility in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus By: Simon Agerskov et al. PLoS One. 2020 Oct 8;15(10):e0240327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240327 "... REDUCTION in relative cerebral blood flow ... has also been reported ... disturbances in GAIT and POSTURAL control, cerebellar dystaxia, PARATONIA, impaired WAKEFULNESS and URINARY urgency or INCONTINENCE, could represent dysfunction in systems neuroanatomically ...." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 117.7 Altered regional cerebral blood flow in obstructive sleep apnea is associated with sleep fragmentation and oxygen desaturation By: Lirong Yan et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021 Apr 28;41(10):2712-2724 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X211012109 "Altered cerebral PERFUSION has been reported in obstructive sleep APNEA ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 117.8 Brain artery diameters and risk of dementia and stroke By: Jesus D Melgarejo et al. Alzhelimers Dement. 2024 Feb 8;20(4):2497-2507. DOI: 10.1002/alz.13712 "... cerebral blood flow that may have DELETERIOUS EFFECTS on DISTAL ORGANS including the brain ...." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 117.9 Reduced cerebral blood flow and white matter hyperintensities predict poor sleep in heart failure By: Michael L Alosco et al. Behav Brain Funct 2013 Oct 30;9:42 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-9-42 "... Cerebral hypoperfusion ... [is] PREVALENT in HEART FAILURE ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 117.10 Regional cerebral blood flow alterations in obstructive sleep apnea By: Santosh K Yadav et al. Neurosci Lett. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Oct 25 Published in final edited form as: Neurosci Lett 2013 Sep 26;555:159-164 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.09.033 "Significantly REDUCED cerebral blood flow ... appeared in obstructive SLEEP APNEA subjects ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ ----------------------------------- 117.11 A new dawn of preventing dementia by preventing cerebrovascular diseases By: Yuesong Pan et al. BMJ. 2020 Oct 9;371:m3692 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m3692 "... patients with cerebral small vessel disease can present with ... URINARY INCONTINENCE ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 117.12 Increase in the Regional Cerebral Blood Flow following Waon Therapy in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Pilot Study By: Takao Munemoto et al. Intern Med 2017 Jul 15;56(14):1817-1824 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.8001 "... IMPROVEMENT in clinical symptoms [of CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME] was linked to an INCREASE in the cerebral blood flow ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 117.13 Associations of limbic-affective brain activity and severity of ongoing chronic arthritis pain are explained by trait anxiety By: William J Cottam et al. Neuroimage Clin 2016 Jul 1;12:269-276 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.06.022 "... CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW ... shown promise to study PAIN ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 117.14 The Role of the Vascular System in Degenerative Diseases: Mechanisms and Implications By: Abdullah Md Sheikh et al. Int J Mol Sci 2024 Feb 11;25(4):2169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042169 "... cerebral blood flow regulation ... Within the KIDNEY system ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 117.15 The Cardiac Outputâ€"Cerebral Blood Flow Relationship Is Abnormal in Most Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients with a Normal Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Response During a Tilt Test Healthcare (Basel) 2024 Dec 20;12(24):2566 By: C (Linda) M C van Campen et al. DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12242566 "... CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME ... [is] caused by an abnormal reduction in cerebral blood flow ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ ----------------------------------- 117.16 Hypoperfusion of periaqueductal gray as an imaging biomarker in chronic migraine beyond diagnosis: A 3D pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling MR imaging Brain Behav 2024 Sep 5;14(9):e70008 By: Pan Huang et al. DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70008 "... impaired pain conduction pathway in chronic MIGRAINE may be related with the decreased perfusion ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 117.17 Anemia rather than hypertension contributes to CEREBRAL HYPERPERFUSION in young adults undergoing hemodialysis: A phase contrast MRI study Sci Rep 2016 Feb 29;6:22346 By: G.Zheng et al. DOI: 10.1038/srep22346 "... This study found that there were strong correlations among ... elevated erebral blood flow in young end-stage RENAL DISEASE undergoing hemodialysis adults ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 117.18 CEREBRAL PERFUSION ALTERATIONS in type 2 diabetes and its relation to insulin resistance and cognitive dysfunction By: Ying Cui et al. Brain Imaging Behav 2016 Oct 6;11(5):1248-1257 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9583-9 "... convergence of evidences has suggested TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS to be associated with increased risk for cognitive impairment and dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 117.19 Altered cerebral blood flow and white matter during wakeful rest in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a population-based retrospective study Br J Radiol 2023 Feb 10;96 1143):20220867 By: Xiaoshuai Li et al. DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20220867 "... obstructive SLEEP APNEA patients exhibit decreased global and regional cerebral blood flow ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 117.20 REDUCED cerebral blood flow and white matter hyperintensities PREDICT poor sleep in HEART FAILURE By: Michael L Alosco et al. Behav Brain Funct 2013 Oct 30;9:42 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-9-42 (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "not considered directly brain-related"↑ ----------------------------------- 118 Neurovascular Regulation in the Ischemic Brain By: Katherine Jackman et al. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2015 Jan 10;22(2):149-160 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5669 "... potentially damaging levels [following cerebral ischemia] of either HYPO- OR HYPERPERFUSION in the brain ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 118.1 Cortical pattern of reduced perfusion in hearing loss revealed by ASL MRI By: Sara Ponticorvo et al. Hum Brain Mapp 2019 Feb 4;40(8):2475-2487 DOI: 10.1002/hbm 24538 "... BRAIN DYSFUNCTION ... may result in PERFUSION ABNORMALITIES ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 118.2 The convergent and divergent patterns in brain perfusion between Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease with dementia: An ASL MRI study By: Hongri Chen et al. Front Neurosci. 2022 Nov 3;16:892374 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.892374 "...ABERRANT PERFUSION has been observed in COGNITIVE DECLINE ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 118.3 MRI diffusion and PERFUSION ALTERATIONS in the mesencephalon and pons as markers of disease and symptom reversibility in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus By: Simon Agerskov et al. PLoS One. 2020 Oct 8;15(10):e0240327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240327 (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 118.4 Increased Perfusion in Normal Appearing White Matter in High Inflammatory Multiple Sclerosis Patients By: Maxim Bester et al. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 16;10(3):e0119356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119356 "This work provides evidence that high inflammatory LESION load is associated with INCREASED cerebral blood flow ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 118.5 Resting state perfusion in the language network is linked to formal thought disorder and poor functional outcome in schizophrenia By: K Stegmayer et al. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017 Sep 2;136(5):506-516 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12790 "... HIGHER perfusion in these regions indicated increased negative formal thought disorder ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 118.6 Intrusion errors moderate the relationship between blood glucose and regional cerebral blood flow in cognitively unimpaired older adults By: Kelsey R Thomas et al. Brain Imaging Behav 2021 Aug 20;16(1):219-227 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00495-8 " ... cognitively unimpaired individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease may show regional HYPERPERFUSION, while those with cognitive impairment typically show HYPOPERFUSION ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "hyper-perfusion"↑ ----------------------------------- 119. Infection with Toxoplasma gondiitriggers coagulation at the blood-brain barrier and a reduction in cerebral blood flow By: Evelyn M Hoover et al. Neuroinflammation. 2025 Jan 8;22:3 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03330-1 "... changes in cerebral hemodynamics may be an UNAPPRECIATED aspect of infection ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 119.1 Blockage of VEGF function by bevacizumab alleviates early-stage cerebrovascular dysfunction and improves cognitive function in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease By: Min Zhang et al. Transl Neurodegener 2024 Jan 3;13:1 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00388-4 "... increasing evidence suggests that the often OVERLOOKED vascular DYSFUNCTION is an important early event in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: " ignoring their brain blood-flow"↑ ----------------------------------- 120 Amyloid beta accumulation in TgF344-AD rats is associated with reduced cerebral capillary endothelial Kir2.1 expression and neurovascular uncoupling By: Xing Fang et al. GeroScience 2023 Jun 16;45(5):2909-2926 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00841-2 "... reduced cerebral blood flow is an EARLY and persistent symptom that PRECEDES the loss of cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 120.1 Recent advances in arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI in patients with vascular cognitive impairment By: Dan Huang et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2022 Oct 25;43(2):173-184 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X221135353 "... cerebral blood flow may help to detect or even PREDICT the onset of vascular COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 120.2 Cerebral blood flow, amyloid burden, and cognition in cognitively normal individuals By: Jarith L Ebenau et al. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022 Sep 8;50(2):410-422 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05958-8 "... decrease in regional Cerebral blood flow ... providing unique PREDICTIVE information for COGNITIVE DECLINE ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 120.3 Comparison of arterial spin labeling registration strategies in the multi-centre GENetic Frontotemporal dementia Initiative By: Henri JMM Mutsaerts et al. J Magn Reson Imaging. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 26 Published in final edited form as: J Magn Reson Imaging 2017 May 8;47(1):131-140 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25751 Neuroimage Clin. 2021 Jul 24;31:102773 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102773 "... perfusion studies may ... PREDICT neurodegenerative DISEASE ONSET ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 120.4 Automated Prediction of Ischemic Brain Tissue Fate from Multiphase Computed Tomographic Angiography in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Using Machine Learning By: Wu Qiu et al. J Stroke 2021 May 31;23(2):234-43 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2020.05064 "... PREDICT ischemic brain tissue perfusion abnormality..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 120.5 Non-Invasive Evaluation of Cerebral Microvasculature sing Pre-Clinical MRI: Principles, Advantages and Limitations By: Bram Callewaert et al. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021 May 21;11(6):926 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11060926 "The EARLY DETECTION of changes in ... cerebral blood flow ... BEFORE the onset of clinical symptom ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 120.6 99mTc-Hexamethyl Propyleneamine Oxime Brain Perfusion Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Characterization of Dementia: An Initial Experience in Indian Clinical Practice By: Amburanjan Santra et al. World J Nucl Med 2014 May-Aug;13(2):120-27 DOI: 10.4103/1450-1147.139143 "... brain perfusion ... has the potential to DETECT the pathophysiological changes MUCH BEFORE the clinical evidence of dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 120.7 Increased Asymmetric perfusion of the cerebral Cortices and Thalamus Indicates Individuals at Risk for bipolar disorder: A Family Cohort Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Neuroimaging Study By: Mary McLean et al. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13: 829561. Published online 2022 May 10 DOI:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.829561 ".... EARLY diagnosis is a critical need to CIRCUMVENT the [brain] damage ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 120.8 Reduced Cerebral Blood Flow in Mild Cognitive Impairment Assessed Using Phase-Contrast MRI By: Reyes Garcia de Eulate et al. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;58(2):585-595 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-161222 ... "A quantitative MEASUREMENT of total brain blood flow could potentially PREDICT vascular dysfunction and compromised brain perfusion in early stages of Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "serve to predict"↑ ----------------------------------- 121. Gene Therapy, A Novel Therapeutic Tool for Neurological Disorders: Current Progress, Challenges and Future Prospective By: Ashif Iqubal et al. Curr Gene Ther 2020;20(3):184-194 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220999200716111502 "... At present, available pharmacotherapeutics are insufficient to treat these diseased conditions [Neurological disorders] and in most cases, they provide only PALLIATIVE effect ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "managing these disorders presently"↑ ----------------------------------- 122. Late-onset dementia: structural brain damage and total cerebral blood flow By: Aart Spilt et al. RadiologyVolume 236, Issue 3Sep 1 2005 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2363041454 "... patients with dementia, cerebral blood flow was 108 mL/min LOWER than that in subjects of the SAME AGE with optimal cognitive function (551 vs 443 mL/min ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 122.1 Recovery of brain function during induced cerebral hypoperfusion By: Randolph S. Marshall et al. Brain, Volume 124, Issue 6, June 2001, Pages 1208-1217 Published: 01 June 2001 DOI:10.1093/brain/124.6.1208 "... patients whose cerebral blood flow averaged 47 ml/100 g/min (no different from baseline) maintained consistent performance on a sustained attention task; those whose cerebral blood flow dropped to an average 37 ml/100 g/min had a reversible deterioration of sustained attention, and those whose cerebral blood flow fell to 27 ml/100 g/min had had impaired sustained attention that persisted until the carotid occlusion was reversed ..." ----------------------------------- 122.2 Cerebral Hypoperfusion and Other Shared Brain Pathologies in Ischemic Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease By: Shuying Dong et al. Transl Stroke Res. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 9 Published in final edited form as: Transl Stroke Res 2017 Oct 2;9(3):238- DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0570-2 "... As cerebral blood flow falls below the ischemic threshold of 20 mL/100 mg/min, neurologic develop and hypoxic tissue injury evolves within minutes or hours..." Back to: "lower in dementia cases"↑ ----------------------------------- 123. Measuring Brain Temperature in Youth Bipolar Disorder Using a Novel Magnetic Resonance Imaging Approach: A Proof-of-concept Study By: Yi Zou et al. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2023 May 12;21(6):1355-1366 DOI: 10.2174/1570159X21666230322090754 "... HEAT-DISSIPATING mechanisms, including cerebral BLOOD FLOW ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 124. Brain temperature homeostasis: physiological fluctuations and pathological shifts By: Eugene A Kiyatkin Front Biosci. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Aug 4 Published in final edited form as: Front Biosci. 2010 Jan 1;15:73-92 DOI: 10.2741/3608 "... [brain] hyperthermia ... is associated typically with peripheral vasoconstriction which limits HEAT DISSIPATION..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "heat dissipation"↑ ----------------------------------- 125. Microvascular anomaly conditions in psychiatric disease. Schizophrenia-angiogenesis connection By: Pavel Katsel et al. Neurosci Biobehav Rev Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jun 1 Published in final edited form as: Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017 Apr 8;77:327-339 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.003 "... evidence for HYPOPERFUSION in many cortical regions in SCHIZOPHRENIA ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 125.1 Cerebral Blood Perfusion Predicts Response to Sertraline versus Placebo for Major Depressive Disorder in the EMBARC Trial By: Crystal M Cooper et al. eClinicalMedicine 2019 May 18;10:32-41 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.04.007 "... [BRAIN] PERFUSION has been mainly used to investigate cerebrovascular disease, dementia and neuro-oncology, it is gaining traction in PSYCHIATRY." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 125.2 Baseline brain perfusion and brain structure in patients with major depression: a multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study By: Nenad Vasic et al. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2015 Jun 30;40(6):412-421 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.140246 "Abnormal regional CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW ... frequently reported in patients with major DEPRESSIVE disorder." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 125.3 Is brain perfusion correlated to switching mood states and cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder type I? A longitudinal study using perfusion imaging approach By: Maria Anayali Estudillo-Guerra et al. Front Psychiatry. 2023 Oct 4;14:1244134 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1244134 "... CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW abnormalities have been previously described in patients with Major DEPRESSIVE disorder and SCHIZOPHRENIA ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 125.4 Carbamoylated Erythropoietin-Induced Cerebral Blood Perfusion and Vascular Gene Regulation By: Jayanarayanan Sadanandan et al. Int J Mol Sci 2023 Jul 15;24(14):11507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411507 "Cerebral HYPOPERFUSION ... increase[s] risk of NEUROPSYCHIATRIC disorders. " (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 125.5 Different patterns of cerebral perfusion in SLE patients with and without neuropsychiatric manifestations By: Zhizheng Zhuo et al. Hum Brain Mapp 2019 Oct 24;41(3):755-766 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24837 "PERFUSION imaging has been used to assess the ... ... PSYCHIATRIC manifestations (e.g., ...PSYCHOSIS, and MOOD-DISORDERS ...)" (emph. added j.t.) Back↑ ----------------------------------- 125.6 From Neurodevelopmental to Neurodegenerative Disorders: The Vascular Continuum By: Julie Ouellette et al. Front Aging Neurosci 2021 Oct 20;13:749026 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.749026 "... it is of utmost curiosity that [CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW]... ... share similar vascular abnormalities ... ... with neurodevelopmental (AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS, SCHIZOPHRENIA, DOWN SYNDROME) (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 125.7 Brain perfusion during manic episode and at 6-month follow-up period in bipolar disorder patients: Correlation with cognitive functions By: Maria Anayali Estudillo-Guerra et al. Brain Behav. 2020 Jun; 10(6): e01615. Published online 2020 May 1 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1615 "... cerebral PERFUSION ... have been described in BIPOLAR DISORDER ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 125.8 Cerebral perfusion in depression: Relationship to sex, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and depression severity By: Christopher Ritter et al.. Neuroimage Clin. 2021; 32: 102840 Published online 2021 Sep 28 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102840 "... association between PERFUSION and DEPRESSION might be a more global effect ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 125.9 Novel insights into hippocampal perfusion using high-resolution, multi-modal 7T MRI By: Roy A. M. Haast et al. Version 1. bioRxiv. Preprint. 2023 Jul 21 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.19.549533 "Alterations in hippocampal PERFUSION have been observed in various diseases such as ... SCHIZOPHRENIA ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 125.10 Resting state PERFUSION in the language network is linked to formal thought disorder and poor functional outcome in SCHIZOPHRENIA By: K Stegmayer et l. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017 Sep 2;136(5):506-516 DOI: 10.1111/acps 12790 "... negative formal thought disorder has been reported as predictive ... in first episode SCHIZOPHRENIA ... ... Negative formal thought was most prominently associated prominently with [cerebral blood] PERFUSION ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back↑ ----------------------------------- 125.11 Application of Three-Dimensional Pseudocontinuous Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion Imaging in the Brains of Children With autism By: Shilong Tang et al. Front Neurol 2022 Feb 23;13:851430 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.851430 "... The cerebral BLOOD FLOW values ... in children with AUTISM are lower than those of healthy children ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 125.12 Brain perfusion single photon emission computed tomography in major psychiatric disorders: From basics to clinical practice By: Amburanjan Santra et al. Indian J Nucl Med 2014 Oct-Dec;29(4):210-221 DOI: 10.4103/0972-3919.142622 "... [brain blood PERFUSION as] clinical evaluation of patients with ... PSYCHIATRIC diseases ... ... [such as:] OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE disorder, Tourette's syndrome, SCHIZOPHRENIA, DEPRESSION [and] PANIC disorder ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 125.13 Increased Asymmetric PERFUSION OF THE CEREBRAL Cortices and Thalamus Indicates Individuals at Risk for BIPOLAR DISORDER: A Family Cohort Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Neuroimaging Study By: Mary McLean et al. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13: 829561 Published online 2022 May 10 DOI:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.829561 (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 125.14 Measuring brain TEMPERATURE in youth BIPOLAR DISORDER Using a Novel Magnetic Resonance Imaging Approach: A Proof-of-concept Study By: Yi Zou et al. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2023 May 12;21(6):1355-1366 DOI: 10.2174/1570159X21666230322090754 "There is evidence of ALTERATIONS in ... cerebral blood flow in adults and youth with BIPOLAR DISORDER ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 125.15 Alterations of cerebral perfusion and functional brain connectivity in medication naive male adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder By: Ya-Wen Tan et al CNS Neurosci Ther. 2019 Jun 23;26(2):197-206 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13185 "... CEREBRAL PERFUSION ... have been illustrated in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)..." (emph. added j.t.) Back↑ ----------------------------------- 125.16 Interpersonal early life trauma is associated with increased cerebral perfusion and poorer memory performance in post-9/11 veterans By: Danielle R. Sullivan et al. Neuroimage Clin. 2020; 28: 102365. Published online 2020 Aug 1 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102365 "CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW is critically important in the OVERALL maintenance of BRAIN HEALTH ... Recent studies have highlighted the potential role of CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW as a link [in] PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 125.17 Theory of Mind and Schizophrenia: A Positron Emission Tomography Study of Medication-Free Patients By: Nancy C Andreasen et al. Schizophr Bull 2008 Jun 16;34(4):708-719 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbn034 "... patients with SCHIZOPHRENIA ... had a lower blood flow ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 125.18 Classifying youth with bipolar disorder versus healthy youth using cerebral blood flow patterns By: Nicholas J Luciw et al. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2023 Aug 29;48(4):E305-E314 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.230012 "... Brain cerebral blood flow features can classify youth with BIPOLAR DISORDER versus healthy controls ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 125.19 Oxytocin modulates hippocampal perfusion in people at clinical high risk for psychosis By: Cathy Davies et al. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019 Jan 9;44(7):1300-1309 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0311-6 "... BLOOD FLOW is altered ... PREDICTS ... non-remission/transition to FRANK PSYCHOSIS..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 125.20 Cerebral haemodynamics and depression in the elderly By: H Tiemeier et al. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002 Jul;73(1):34-39 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.73.1.34 "... REDUCTION in cerebral blood flow ... is a possible causal factor for subthreshold DEPRESSIVE DISORDER." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 125.21 Altered resting-state cerebral blood flow and functional connectivity mediate suicidal ideation in major depressive disorder By: Dandan Fan et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2022 Mar 29;42(9):1603-1615 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X221090998 "... [brain] HYPOPERFUSION ... increases the risk of suicide in major DEPRESSIVE disorder patients ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 125.22 Oxytocin modulates hippocampal perfusion in people at clinical high risk for psychosis By: Cathy Davies et al. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019 Jan 9;44(7):1300-1309 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0311-6 "... [brain] BLOOD FLOW is altered in Clinical High Risk for PSYCHOSIS individuals ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "psychiatric disorders"↑ ----------------------------------- 126. The identification and cognitive correlation of perfusion patterns measured with arterial spin labeling MRI in Alzheimer's disease By: Meng Meng et al. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023 Apr 10;15:75 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01222-9 "... cerebral hypoperfusion, plays an IMPORTANT ROLE in the pathogenesis and progression of alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "onset of its clinical signs"↑ ----------------------------------- ----------------------------------- 127. Brain temperature homeostasis: physiological fluctuations and pathological shifts By: Eugene A Kiyatkin Front Biosci. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Aug 4 Published in final edited form as: Front Biosci. 2010 Jan 1;15:73-92 DOI: 10.2741/3608 "... [brain blood] CIRCULATION is the primary means of HEAT EXCHANGE ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "blood-flow"↑ ----------------------------------- 128. Measuring Brain Temperature in Youth Bipolar Disorder Using a Novel Magnetic Resonance Imaging Approach: A Proof-of-concept Study By: Yi Zou et al. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2023 May 12;21(6):1355-1366 DOI: 10.2174/1570159X21666230322090754 "... The brain is SENSITIVE to fluctuations in TEMPERATURE ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 128.1 A daily temperature rhythm in the human brain predicts survival after brain injury By; Nina M Rzechorzek et al. Brain. 2022 Jun; 145(6): 2031-2048 Published online 2022 Jun 13 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab466 "The profound SENSITIVITY of neuronal function TO TEMPERATURE ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 128.2 Selective brain hypothermia: feasibility and safety study of a novel method in five patients By: Seyed Mohammad et al. Perfusion. 2020 Mar; 35(2): 96-103 Published online 2019 Jun 26 DOI: 10.1177/0267659119853950 "... REDUCTION of brain temperature remains the most common method of NEUROPROTECTION against ischemic* INJURY ..." (emph. added j.t.) *Brain Ischemia Cerebral ischemia is defined as a flow of blood to the brain that is insufficient to meet its metabolic demands, leading to loss of function and CELL DEATH. ----------------------------------- 128.3 Elevated brain temperature under severe heat exposure impairs cortical motor activity and executive function By: Xiang Ren Tan et al. J Sport Health Sci 2023 Sep 9;13(2):233-244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.09.001 "... heat-related neural DEFICITS ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "fluctuations of temperature"↑ ----------------------------------- 129. cerebral blood flow predicts multiple demand network activity and fluid intelligence across the adult lifespan By: Shuyi Wu et al. Neurobiol Aging Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 14 Published in final edited form as: Neurobiol Aging 2022 Sep 22;121:1-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.09.006 "... HYPOPERFUSION is a hallmark of dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 129.1 Association of brain amyloid-beta with cerebral perfusion and structure in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment By: Niklas Mattsson et al. Brain. 2014 Mar 12;137(5):1550-1561 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu043 "... Patients with Alzheimer's disease show REDUCED cerebral blood flow, but it is UNCLEAR how this relates to beta-amyloid pathology ... ... Our study does not explain the mechanisms that lead to CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW alterations in the presence of brain AMYLOID ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 129.2 Cerebral blood flow, amyloid burden, and cognition in cognitively normal individuals By: Jarith L Ebenau et al. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022 Sep 8;50(2):410-422 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05958-8 "... amyloid accumulation and decrease in regional cerebral blood flow are TWO PARALLEL DISEASE processes ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 129.3 The Erythrocytic Hypothesis of Brain Energy Crisis in Sporadic Alzheimer Disease: Possible Consequences and Supporting Evidence By: Elena Kosenko et al. J Clin Med. 2020 Jan 12;9(1):206 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010206 "... amyloids are NOT a key CAUSE of Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 129.4 Pathogenesis and disease-modifying therapy in Alzheimer's disease: the flat line of progress Rudy J Castellani et al. Arch Med Res 2012 Nov;43(8):694-8 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.09.009 "... In the case of, Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-beta metabolism and tau phosphorylation have been exhaustively studied, BOTH TO NO AVAIL ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "called into question"↑ ----------------------------------- 130. Measuring Brain Temperature in Youth Bipolar Disorder Using a Novel Magnetic Resonance Imaging Approach: A Proof-of-concept Study By: Yi Zou et al. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2023 May 12;21(6):1355-1366 DOI: 10.2174/1570159X21666230322090754 "Brain TEMPERATURE was significantly HIGHER in ... [brain] disorder compared to control group ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "brain-temperature is found to be higher in brain-disorders in general"↑ ----------------------------------- 131. Ultrasound and dynamic functional imaging in vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease By: Branko Malojcic et al. BMC Med 2017 Feb 9;15:27 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0799-3 "... chronic HYPO-PERFUSION ... actively promotes ... AMYLOID BETA ACCUMULATION ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 131.1 Brain areas with normatively greater cerebral perfusion in early life may be more susceptible to beta amyloid deposition in late life By: Irene B Meier et al. Cereb Circ Cogn Behav. 2020 Jun 3;1:100001 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2020.100001 ".. chronic cerebral HYPOPERFUSION can CREATE ... ACCUMULATION of peripherally applied AMYLOID PEPTIDES ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 131.2 Hypertension, neurovascular dysfunction, and cognitive impairment By: Monica M Santisteban et al. Hypertension. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 1 Published in final edited form as: Hypertension. 2022 Sep 21;80(1):22-34 "... neuroinflammation ... MAY CONTRIBUTE to AMYLOID DEPOSITION and Alzheimer pathology ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 131.3 Cerebrovascular Senescence Is Associated With Tau Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease By: Annie G Bryant et al. Front Neurol. 2020 Sep 16;11:575953 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.575953 "... REDUCED cerebral blood flow in the human Alzheimer's Disease brain is ASSOCIATED with both cognitive decline and TAU ACCUMULATION ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 131.4 Increased Susceptibility to Ischemic Brain Damage in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing the Amyloid Precursor Protein BY: Fangyi Zhang et al. J Neurosci 1997 Oct 15;17(20):7655-7661 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-20-07655.1997 "... REDUCTION in cerebral blood flow ... is more severe in AMYLOID precursor protein ... than in controls ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 131.5 Dual-phase 18F-florbetaben PET provides cerebral perfusion proxy along with beta-amyloid burden in Alzheimers disease By: Hai-Jeon Yoon et al. Neuroimage Clin 2021 Jul 24;31:102773 DPI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102773 "... AMYLOID ...STRONGLY CORRELATED with cerebral perfusion ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back↑ ----------------------------------- 131.6 Neurovascular defects and faulty amyloid-beta vascular clearance in Alzheimer's disease By: Abhay P Sagare et al. J Alzheimers Dis Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 May 1 Published in final edited form as: J Alzheimers Dis 2013;33(0 1):S8-100 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-2012-129037 "Changes in the brain VASCULATURE have been shown to CONTRIBUTE to ... faulty CLEARANCE of AMYLOID beta-peptide from the brain ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 131.7 Hypertension, neurovascular dysfunction, and cognitive impairment By: Monica M Santisteban et al. Hypertension Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 1. Published in final edited form as: Hypertension 2022 Sep 21;80(1):22-34 "... neuroinflammation, [and] may CONTRIBUTE to AMYLOID DEPOSITION and Alzheimer pathology ..." (emph. added j.t.) 131.8 Age and brain region-associated alterations of cerebral blood flow in early Alzheimer's disease assessed in BETA-PPSWE/PS1-BETA E9transgenic mice using arterial spin labeling By: Yapei Guo et al. Mol Med Rep 2019 Feb 12;19(4):3045-3052 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9950 "... Disturbed cerebral BLOOD [FLOW] ... RESULTS in AMYLOID-BETA ACCUMULATION ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "cause for amyloid accumulation"↑ ----------------------------------- 132 Brain Perfusion in Asphyxiated Newborns Treated with Therapeutic Hypothermia By: P Wintermark et al. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011 Dec;32(11):2023-2029 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A2708 " ... DECREASED blood flow to the brain ... leading to CELL DEATH and definitive brain injuries ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 132.1 The effects of hypertension on the cerebral circulation By: Paulo W Pires et al. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013 Apr 12;304(12):H1598-H1614 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00490.2012 "... DEFICITS in cerebral blood flow ... have detrimental effects on the outcome of [brain] ischemic* ..." (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 132.2 Transcranial, Non-Invasive Evaluation of Potential Misery Perfusion During Hyperventilation Therapy of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients By: Susanna Tagliabue et al. J Neurotrauma 2023 Sep 29;40(19-20):2073-2086 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0419 ".. DECREASE in cerebral blood flow making the brain VULNERABLE to ischemic* ..." (emph. added j.t.) (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 132.3 Brain temperature regulation in poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage patients - A multimodal neuromonitoring study By: Alberto Addis et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020 Mar 9;41(2):359-368 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X20910405 "... FEVER is associated with ... HIGHER RATE of ... cerebral ischemic* ..." *Brain Ischemia Cerebral ischemia is defined as a flow of blood to the brain that is insufficient to meet its metabolic demands, leading to loss of function and CELL DEATH. (emph. added j.t.) -------------------------------------- 132.4 Investigation of perfusion impairment in degenerative cervical myelopathy beyond the site of cord compression By: Anna Lebret et al. Sci Rep 2023 Dec 19;13:22660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49896-3 "... perfusion DEFICIT may be a potential precursor of neuronal CELL DEATH ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "cell-death"↑ ----------------------------------- 133. Assessment of neurovascular uncoupling: APOE status is a key driver of early metabolic and vascular dysfunction By: Kristen D Onos et al. Alzheimers Dement 2024 May 7;20(7):4951-4969 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13842 "... changes in these tracers [amyloid or tau] may come much TOO LATE to allow significant INTERVENTION ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "intervene therapeutically"↑ ----------------------------------- 134. Assessment of neurovascular uncoupling: APOE status is a key driver of early metabolic and vascular dysfunction By: Kristen D Onos et al. Alzheimers Dement 2024 May 7;20(7):4951-4969 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13842 "... Current clinical diagnostic imaging focuses on amyloid and tau; however, NEW METHODS are needed for EARLIER DETECTION ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "incorporate a routine brain blood-flow testing "↑ ----------------------------------- 135. An investigation of cerebral oxygen utilization, blood flow and cognition in healthy aging By: Sarah J Catchlove et al. PLoS One 2018 May 22;13(5):e0197055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197055 "... cerebral blood flow ... Changes ... may PRECEDE neurodegeneration ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 135.1 Cooperation between neurovascular dysfunction and amyloid-beta in Alzheimer's disease By: Niya Wang et al. Front Mol Neurosci 2023 Aug 16;16:1227493 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1227493 "... VASCULAR DAMAGE occurring PRIOR to the deposition of amyloid-beta and neurofibrillary TANGLES ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 135.2 Assessment of neurovascular uncoupling: APOE status is a key driver of early metabolic and vascular dysfunction By: Kristen D Onos et al. Alzheimers Dement 2024 May 7;20(7):4951-4969 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13842 "... Clinical studies have demonstrated a REDUCTION in ... cerebral blood flow disturbances ... BEFORE detectable levels of AMYLOID ACCUMULATION ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 135.3 A single nuclear transcriptomic characterisation of mechanisms responsible for impaired angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier function in Alzheimer' disease By: Stergios Tsartsalis et al. Nat Commun 2024 Mar 12;15:2243 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46630 "... Brain perfusion ... integrity ... REDUCED EARLY in Alzheimer's disease." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 135.4 mTOR drives cerebrovascular, synaptic, and cognitive dysfunction in normative aging By: Candice E Van Skike e al. Aging Cell 2019 Nov 6;19(1):e13057 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13057 "... Cerebral blood flow DECREASES ... and is one of the EARLIEST events in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 135.5 A functional cerebral endothelium is necessary to protect against cognitive decline By: Lianne J Trigiani et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021 Sep 13;42(1):74-89 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X211045438 "... A VASCULAR INSULT occurring EARLY in disease onset ... leading to dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back↑ ----------------------------------- 135.6 Non-Invasive Evaluation of Cerebral Microvasculature sing Pre-Clinical MRI: Principles, Advantages and Limitations BY: Bram Callewaert et al. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021 May 21;11(6):926 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11060926 "... EARLY ... CHANGES in ... cerebral blood flow ...[will come] BEFORE the onset of clinical symptom ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 135.7 99mTc-Hexamethyl Propyleneamine Oxime Brain Perfusion Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Characterization of Dementia: An Initial Experience in Indian Clinical Practice By: Amburanjan Santra et al. World J Nucl Med 2014 May-Aug;13(2):120-27 DOI: 10.4103/1450-1147.139143 "... brain perfusion ... CHANGES MUCH BEFORE the clinical evidence of dementia ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 135.8 Capillary function progressively deteriorates in prodromal Alzheimer's disease: A longitudinal MRI perfusion study By: Lasse S Madsen et al. Aging Brain 2022 Feb 19;2:100035 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100035 "... cerebral hypoperfusion presenting ... is an EARLY manifestation of Alzheimer' disease ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 135.9 Relationship between MRI perfusion and clinical severity in multiple sclerosis By: Maria Marcella Lagana et al. Neural Regen Res 2019 Oct 18;15(4):646-652 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.266906 "... [brain] perfusion alterations have been suggested to PRECEDE ATROPHY and lesion formation ... (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "occurs before"↑ ----------------------------------- 136 Sleep Disordered Breathing and Neurocognitive Disorders By: Ikechukwu Ogbu et al. J Clin Med 2024 Aug 23;13(17):5001 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13175001 "...The brain is ... PARTICULARLY susceptible to reduced blood flow ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 136.1 Reliability and Reproducibility of Hadamard Encoded Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling in Healthy Elderly By: Katja Neumann et al. Front Neurosci 2021 Aug 19;15:711898 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.711898 "... cerebral blood flow.... provide valuable essentials TO ASSESS the INTEGRITY of cerebral tissue ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 136.2 Association of brain amyloid-beta with cerebral perfusion and structure in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment By: Niklas Mattsson et al. Brain 2014 Mar 12;137(5):1550-1561 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu043 "... cerebral blood flow was REDUCED in ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE compared with control subjects ... ... reports of REDUCE perfusion in Alzheimer's disease or mild COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 136.3 Cerebral Blood Flow is Diminished in Asymptomatic Middle-Aged Adults with Maternal History of Alzheimer's Disease By: Ozioma C Okonkwo et al Cereb Cortex 2012 Dec 12;24(4):978-988 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs381 "Cerebral blood flow ... may have UTILITY in elucidating preclinical BRAIN CHANGES in persons at RISK for Alzheimer's disease and related diseases ... ... Within the asymptomatic cohort, we found that ... Immediate Memory and WORKING MEMORY-were POSITIVELY CORRELATED with regional cerebral blood flow ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 136.4 Non-invasive volumetric ultrasound localization microscopy detects vascular changes in mice with Alzheimer's disease By: Rebecca M Jones et al. Theranostics 2025 Jan 1;15(3):1110-1121 DOI: 10.7150/thno.99097 "... ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE is known to be correlated ... [with] DECREASES in blood flow throughout the BRAIN.... (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 136.5 Dual-phase 18F-florbetaben PET provides cerebral perfusion proxy along with beta-amyloid burden in Alzheimer's disease BY: Hai-Jeon Yoon et al. "... DECREASED cerebral perfusion during the course of neurodegeneration has been well documented in patients with ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back↑ ----------------------------------- 136.6 Cerebrovascular reactivity deficits in cognitively unimpaired older adults: vasodilatory versus vasoconstrictive responses By: Belinda Yew et al. Neurobiol Aging Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 22 Published in final edited form as: Neurobiol Aging 2022 Feb 23;113:55-62 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.02.006 "... Cerebrovascular reactivity deficits MAY INDEX vulnerability to vascular brain injury and COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 136.7 Multi-Parametric Evaluation of Cerebral Hemodynamics in Neonatal Piglets using Non-Contrast-Enhanced MRI Methods By: Dapeng Liu et al. J Magn Reson Imaging Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 1 Published in final edited form as: J Magn Reson Imaging 2021 May 6;54(4):1053-1065 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27638 "... cerebral-blood-flow ... is CLINICALLY IMPORTANT ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 136.8 Perfusion alterations converge with patterns of pathological spread in TDP-43 proteinopathies By: Pilar M Ferraro et al. Neurobiol Aging Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 1 Published in final edited form as: Neurobiol Aging 2018 Apr 17;68:85-92 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.04.008 "... perfusion imaging may DETECT more subtle neural activity ALTERATIONS ... (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 136.9 Inflammatory events at blood-brain barrier in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders: Implications for clinical disease By: Helga E de Vries et al. Epilepsia Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 3. Published in final edited form as: Epilepsia 2012 Nov;53(Suppl 6):45-52 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03702 "Proper function of the neurovasculature is REQUIRED for optimal brain function and PREVENTING neuroinflammation and NEURODEGENERATION ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 136.10 Cerebral blood flow predicts differential neurotransmitter activity By: Juergen Dukart et al. Sci Rep 2018 Mar 6;8:4074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22444-0 "... cerebral blood flow are now COMMONLY APPLIED for studying human BRAIN FUNCTION ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 136.11 Improved velocity selective inversion arterial spin labeling for cerebral blood flow mapping with 3D acquisition By: Dapeng Liu et al. Magn Reson Med 2020 May 13;84(5):2512-2522 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28310 " ... STANDARDIZED PROTOCOL ... was recommended for quantification of cerebral blood flow in clinical applications such as DEMENTIA ... (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "routine monitoring of brain blood-flow to be of any use?"↑ ----------------------------------- 137 Role of Dignity in Mental Health Care: Impact on Ageism and Human Rights of Older Person By: Debanjan Banerjee et al. May 2021American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry29(1) DOI:10.1016/j.jagp.2021.05.011 "... The concept of DIGNITY lies at the heart of HUMAN RIGHTS and must be a central concept integrated into public health and mental healthcare ...." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 137.1 Achieving DIGNITY for older people with dementia in hospital By: Jackie Bridges et al. March 2011 Nursing standard: official newspaper of the Royal College of Nursing 25(29):42-7; quiz 48 DOI:10.7748/ns2011.03.25.29.42.c8402 "... The QUALITY OF CARE for people with dementia in general hospital settings has attracted widespread CONCERN ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 137.2 Systematic review: what interventions improve DIGNITY for older patients in hospital? By: Zainab Zahran et al. First published: 28 January 2016 DOI:10.1111/jocn.13052 Citations: 23 "... High profile cases have highlighted FAILURE to provide DIGNIFIED care for older people in hospitals ... ... There is ample evidence on what undermines patients' DIGNITY ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "allow people to die in dignity"↑ ----------------------------------- 138. Patients' experiences of the use of point-of-care ultrasound in GENERAL PRACTICE: a cross-sectional study By: Camilla Aakjaer Andersen et al. BMC Fam Pract 2021 Jun 18;22:116 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-021-01459-z "The use of point-of-care ultrasonography performed by GENERAL PRACTITIONERS in primary care settings is increasing." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 138.1 Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in Norwegian GENERAL PRACTICE By: Hans-Christian Myklestul et al. Scand J Prim Health Care 2020 Apr 21;38(2):219-225 DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2020.1753385 "The use of Point-of-care ULTRASOUND INCREASED six-fold from 2009 to 2016." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 138.2 Use and impact of point-of-care ultrasonography in GENERAL PRACTICE: a prospective observational study By: Camilla Aakjaer Andersen et al. BMJ Open 2020 Sep 17;10(9):e037664 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037664 "Point-of-care ultrasound CHANGED DIAGNOSIS, plan and/or treatment for most patients ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 138.3 An audit of Zimbabwean public sector diagnostic ultrasound services By: Humphrey Mapuranga et al. Pan Afr Med J 2021 Jun 3;39:99 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.39.99.28342 "... Doppler ultrasound affords EXCEPTIONAL vascular imaging ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 138.4 Point-of-care ultrasound An emerging clinical tool to enhance physical assessment By: Courteney DM Fraleigh et al. Nurse Pract 2022 Jul 26;47(8):14-20 DOI: 10.1097/01.NPR.0000841944.00536.b2 "... Point-of-care ultrasound is a cost-effective diagnostic technology ... portable, and a CONVENIENT diagnostic modality to complement physical assessments ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 138.5 Recent Technological Advancements in Cardiac Ultrasound Imaging By: Jaydev K Dave et al. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 1. Published in final edited form as: Ultrasonics 2017 Nov 23;84:329-340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2017.11.013 "... The ADVANTAGES offered by ultrasound imaging include real-time imaging, imaging at patient bed-side, cost-effectiveness and ionizing-radiation-free imaging ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back ↑ ----------------------------------- 138.6 Trends in utilisation of ultrasound by older Australians (2010-2019) By: Virginie Gaget et al. BMC Geriatr 2023 Jan 27;23:50 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03771-y "Ultrasound is a safe imaging tool used to DIAGNOSE several conditions commonly experienced by older people ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 138.7 The METIS project for generalist ultrasonography By: F Bono et al. J Ultrasound 2007 Oct 31;10(4):168-174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jus.2007.09.003 "... ultrasound scanner can change the way a GENERAL PRACTITIONER looks at many diseases, acute and chronic ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 138.8 Identifying research activity on brain ultrasonography in craniocerebral diseases by bibliometric and visualized analysis of a 20-year journey of global publications By: Zaiyang Yu et al. Medicine (Baltimore) 2025 Mar 21;104(12):e41927 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000041927 "... CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW measurement ... via focused ultrasound ... ... Mounting evidence indicates that brain ultrasonography has POTENTIAL clinical application ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 138.9 From Anatomy to Functional and Molecular Biomarker Imaging, and Therapy: ULTRASOUND IS SAFE, ULTRAFAST, PORTABLE, AND INEXPENSIVE By: Shiying Wang et al. Invest Radiol Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 25. Published in final edited form as: Invest Radiol. 2020 Sep;55(9):559-572 DOI: 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000675 " ...commonly available electronics put ultrasound systems in a labcoat pocket or on a user's mobile phone ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 138.10 Ultrasound imaging IN THE GENERAL PRACTITIONER'S OFFICE- a literature review By: Alicja Genc et al. J Ultrason 2016 Mar 29;16(64):78-86 DOI: 10.15557/JoU.2016.0008 "... patients would be provided with faster diagnoses. Point-of-care utrasound examination, i.e. a scan performed by a doctor who is not a radiologist in their office ..." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "presents a challenge to medical general-practitioners physicians"↑ ----------------------------------- 140 Consensus on relevant point-of-care ultrasound skills in GENERAL PRACTICE: a two-round French Delphi study By: Louis Camard et al. BMC Med Educ 2024 Mar 26;24:341 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05072-3 "The use of ultrasound ... technique ... evolved into the clinical point-of-care tool it is today through MINIATURIZATION and COST REDUCTION." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "nominal cost"↑ ----------------------------------- 142. Acceptance and self-reported use of a dementia care toolbox by general practice personal: results from an intervention study in German practices By: Anna-Liesa Filbert et al. BMC Fam Pract 2020 Dec 9;21:264 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-020-01345-0 "General practitioners are often the FIRST to be contacted when signs of dementia appear." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 142.1 Schizophrenia and attendance in primary healthcare: a population-based matched cohort study By: H C B Norgaard et al. Scand J Prim Health Care 2019 Jul 12;37(3):358-365 DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2019.1639927 "The general practitioner plays a KEY ROLE in the treatment of mental and physical multimorbidity." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 142.2 Somatic diseases in patients with schizophrenia in general practice: their prevalence and health care By: Marian JT Oud et al. BMC Fam Pract 2009 May 9;10:32 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-10-32 "Core tasks for general practitioners are the PREVENTION and diagnosis of somatic diseases and the provision of care for patients with chronic diseases." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 142.3 Challenges in identifying antibiotic resistance targets for point-of-care diagnostics in general practice By: Konstantinos Mitsakakis et al. Future Microbiol 2018 Aug 16;13(10):1157-1164 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0084 "General practitioners stand at the FRONT LINE of healthcare provision ..." (emph. added j.t.) ----------------------------------- 142.4 How do patients, medical assistants and physicians accept and experience tablet-based cognitive testing by medical assistants in general practice? - A qualitative study By: Kristin Rolke et al. BMC Prim Care 2025 May 17;26:174 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-025-02823-z "General practitioners are often the FIRST point of contact for people with concerns about their memory performance or already noticed SYMPTOMS OF DEMENTIA." (emph. added j.t.) Back to: "presents a challenge to medical general-practitioners"↑ |
